A direct projection from the kidney to the brainstem.

abstract：:Recent evidence has suggested that cholecystokinin (CCK) may act as a physiological opiate antagonist. Both the overlap of CCK and opiate systems within the central nervous system and the fact that exogenous CCK can antagonize opiate analgesia suggest that endogenous CCK systems interact with opiate-mediated pain inhi...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Watkins LR,Kinscheck IB,Mayer DJ

更新日期：1985-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc and other cations were iontophoretically applied to neurones in the frontoparietal cortex of urethane-anaesthetised rats and their effect on the activity of these cells was examined. Slow and often prolonged increases in firing rate occurred in 45.2% of neurones after zinc application and 72.7% after barium. Calc...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Wright DM

更新日期：1984-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The optic nerve of anesthetized cats was completely cut and the autologous sciatic nerve was transplanted. Sixty days later some populations of retinal ganglion cells were shown to regenerate the axon with retrograde HRP labeling. We verified that ganglion cells that had projected to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LG...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Watanabe M,Sawai H,Fukuda Y

更新日期：1991-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrastructural localization of a calcium-binding protein, calretinin, in the cerebellar cortex of the rat was examined with an immunoperoxidase method. The cerebellar lobule V was investigated in detail. In the molecular layer, calretinin immunoreactivity was found in parallel fibers and in their varicosities that fo...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Arai R,Jacobowitz DM,Deura S

更新日期：1993-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the precollicular-postmammillary transected cat is known to induce controlled locomotion on a treadmill. We have been able to induce and block locomotion in this preparation by using localized infusions of transmitters and their agonists and antagon...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Garcia-Rill E,Skinner RD,Fitzgerald JA

更新日期：1985-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Immobilization of frogs for 1 h induces analgesia which is blocked but not reversed by low doses of naloxone. After 9 days of daily immobilization for 1 h, the treatment fails to cause analgesia thus indicating that tolerance has developed. Animals tolerant to immobilization-induced analgesia do not show cross-toleran...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Pezalla PD,Dicig M

更新日期：1984-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cortical sensory neurons synchronize their activity at multiple frequency bands after an external stimulation. In the somatosensory cortical areas, previous reports describe more discrete and somatotopically specific neural synchronization at the gamma band. Therefore, an efficient gamma synchronization of the neurons...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Tecchio F,Babiloni C,Zappasodi F,Vecchio F,Pizzella V,Romani GL,Rossini PM

更新日期：2003-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cannabinoids are promising therapies to support neurogenesis and decelerate disease progression in neuroinflammatory and degenerative disorders. Whether neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids are sustainable during persistent viral infection of the CNS is not known. Using a rodent model of chronic viral encephalitis ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Solbrig MV,Fan Y,Hazelton P

更新日期：2013-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The extracellular lactate concentration and blood flow in the cerebral cortex of urethane-anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats were monitored continuously and simultaneously using an enzyme electrode and a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF), respectively, during chemical stimulation of the nucleus tract...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ikegami Y,Maeda M,Yokota A,Hayashida Y

更新日期：1997-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of lowered brain glutathione content on the glutamate release following cerebral ischemia was investigated. Diethylmaleate (4 mmol/kg, i.p.), a commonly used chemical reagent for tissue glutathione depletion, significantly reduced the ischemia-induced glutamate release. The release of another excitatory ami...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Yang CS,Lin NN,Liu L,Tsai PJ,Kuo JS

更新日期：1995-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The glutamate terminals in rat rostral neostriatum were removed on one side by ipsilateral frontal cortical ablation. Intraperitoneal administration of L-methioninesulfoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, induced different changes in amino acid concentration in the rostral neostriatum on the intact and...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Engelsen B,Fonnum F

更新日期：1985-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vitro autoradiographic technique has been used to localize [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA binding sites in the brains of normal and cerebellar mutant mice. In the brains of normal mice, the highest densities of binding sites were observed at glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus-putamen, ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Maeda N,Wada K,Yuzaki M,Mikoshiba K

更新日期：1989-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, we used an innovative music-rest interleaved fMRI paradigm to investigate the neural correlates of tinnitus distress. Tinnitus is a poorly-understood hearing disorder where individuals perceive sounds, in the absence of an external source. Although the great majority of individuals habituate to c...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Shahsavarani S,Schmidt SA,Khan RA,Tai Y,Husain FT

更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the saturation features (Kd and Bmax) of [3H]naloxone binding in rat brain regions in cytoarchitectonically intact tissues of naive, morphine dependent and precipitated withdrawal states using quantitative film autoradiography. Sixty-one saturation experiments in 13 regions of naive rat brains yielded...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Geary WA 2nd,Wooten GF

更新日期：1985-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study has examined the effect on age-dependent natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic (NKCC) activity after the destruction of the arcuate nucleus (AR) of the hypothalamus in newborn mice with the neurotoxin monosodium glutamate (MSG). The NKCC activity was determined at different ages from the 18th day to the...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Belluardo N,Mudò G,Bindoni M

更新日期：1990-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The short term effects of spinal cord hemisection on protein synthesis in the Cebus monkey were studied by measuring the uptake of [3H]lysine into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitable and non-precipitable fractions of spinal cord. Animals were sacrificed 3, 6, or 13 days after hemisection. Two normal animals an...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Wells MR,Bernstein JJ

更新日期：1976-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat mutant dystonic displays an autosomal recessive neurological disease characterized by slow, twisting movements of the limbs and trunk. Rats displaying clinical signs also show a decreased behavioral response to the dopaminergic blocker, haloperidol. Investigation of the development of the cataleptic response t...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： McKeon TW,Lorden JF,Oltmans GA,Beales M,Walkley SU

更新日期：1984-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) classically presents with gray matter atrophy, as well as feature significant white matter abnormalities. Previous evidence indicates the overall burden of these pathological changes continues to advance as the disease progresses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pathological a...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kitamura S,Kiuchi K,Taoka T,Hashimoto K,Ueda S,Yasuno F,Morikawa M,Kichikawa K,Kishimoto T

更新日期：2013-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:As an approach to understanding why central neurons fail to regenerate, we have studied the response to proximal axotomy of transcallosal neurons of the cerebral cortex of the mouse. Anatomical studies have indicated only very slight regenerative responses by this population of cortical neurons. To further examine the...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Elliott EJ,Parks DA,Fishman PS

更新日期：1997-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal cerebral ischemia elicits an inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration and accumulation of leukocytes, as well as the secretion of inflammatory mediators (Clark et al., Brain Res. Bull., 35 (1994) 387-392; Garcia et al., Am. J. Pathol., 144 (1994) 188-199; Wang et al., J. Neurochem. 71 (1998) 1194-...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Che X,Ye W,Panga L,Wu DC,Yang GY

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been previously established that the housing condition influences the appearance of the dendritic tree in young animals. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent of the influence that the housing condition exerts on morphometric studies involving old animals. Specifically, we found superfic...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Connor JR,Beban SE,Melone JH,Yuen A,Diamond MC

更新日期：1982-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that punctate injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into structures along the ventral lamina terminalis reduce drinking responses elicited by angiotensin II (ANG II). The purpose of the present study was to extend these findings by quantifying the catecholamine depletions that are...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Cunningham JT,Johnson AK

更新日期：1989-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to its stimulatory effect on prolactin release, the neuropeptide prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) has been shown to be a mediator of the stress response. To analyze the neurochemical properties of the cells responsive to PrRP and involved in stress modulation, we examined PrRP receptor co-expression with...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Lin SH,Leslie FM,Civelli O

更新日期：2002-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained on a radial maze and then given electrolytic lesions of the MS followed by a single intraseptal injection of 5 micrograms of NGF. Three days later they were re-tested on the maze. They were also post-operatively tested for hyperemotionality. MS lesions severely impaired performance on the radial maze...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Janis LS,Glasier MM,Martin G,Stackman RW,Walsh TJ,Stein DG

更新日期：1995-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies we performed on the mdx mouse demonstrated marked central nervous system alterations in this model of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy, such as reduction in number and pathological changes of cortico-spinal neurons. Prompted by these findings we extended the survey of the mdx brain to the major brain...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Carretta D,Santarelli M,Vanni D,Carrai R,Sbriccoli A,Pinto F,Minciacchi D

更新日期：2001-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the transitional stage between normal cognition and dementia. The aim of this study was to use tractography based analysis to elucidate alterations in subjects with MCI compared with subjects with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and controls. Seventeen subjects with early A...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kiuchi K,Morikawa M,Taoka T,Nagashima T,Yamauchi T,Makinodan M,Norimoto K,Hashimoto K,Kosaka J,Inoue Y,Inoue M,Kichikawa K,Kishimoto T

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Inflammatory damage aggravates the cerebral ischemic pathological process and may pave a new way for treatment. Bicyclol has been proved to elicit a series of biologic effects through its anti-inflammatory property in treating hepatitis and hepatic ischemic/reperfusion injury. Whether this protective effect ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Zhang J,Fu B,Zhang X,Chen L,Zhang L,Zhao X,Bai X,Zhu C,Cui L,Wang L

更新日期：2013-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a key role in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection. HIV proteins (gp120, Tat) and proinflammatory cytokines can trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA and RNA lesions. Among all the lesions induced by ROS, one of the most abundant lesions...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Zhang Y,Wang M,Li H,Zhang H,Shi Y,Wei F,Liu D,Liu K,Chen D

更新日期：2012-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A cluster of trigeminal nociceptive neurons was located in the lateral sulcus on the upper bank of the frontoparietal operculum in a region bordering between cortical areas SII and 7b. These neurons were isolated in cortical cell layers IV and V-VI. All nociceptive neurons responded exclusively to noxious mechanical s...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Dong WK,Salonen LD,Kawakami Y,Shiwaku T,Kaukoranta EM,Martin RF

更新日期：1989-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of functional and anatomical overlap between two major neuronal subpopulations in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: pre-sympathetic (sympathoexcitatory) neurons, and expiratory neurons of the Bötzinger complex. Extracellular recordings were made with dye-filled micr...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kanjhan R,Lipski J,Kruszewska B,Rong W

更新日期：1995-11-13 00:00:00