Abstract:
:Little ontogenetic data exist to indicate whether muscular organization of neonates reflects adult locomotion (e.g., leaping) or infant activities like clinging or the initial quadrupedal phase of locomotion that typifies most infant primates. In the present study, five species of primates with contrasting modes of locomotion were examined. Twenty-eight preserved neonatal and adult cadavers were studied by careful dissection of the hip, thigh, and leg muscles. Wet weights were taken of limb muscles after removal, and the muscles were combined into major functional groups (e.g., flexors, extensors) of each limb segment. Results demonstrate that the distribution of muscle mass within the thigh and within the leg are similar between neonates and adults for all species, with major groups varying by 5% or less in all but two age comparisons. Crural indices of the neonates are nearly identical to those of the adults, but leg/thigh muscle mass ratios were higher in the neonates. Species vary greatly in the percentage of adult limb segment muscle mass present in neonates, with Tarsius syrichta having the greatest percentage for all segments and two lemurids showing the least. These results primarily track differences in relative body mass at birth rather than developmental differences. The adaptive distribution of muscle, as discussed previously for adult prosimians, appears to be established at birth. Neonates of leaping species already have much larger quadriceps muscles than quadrupeds. Differences between large- and small-bodied leapers (e.g., pronounced superficial plantarflexor masses in tarsiers and pronounced deep plantarflexor masses in sifakas) also are present in neonates. Ratios of muscle mass over body mass are smaller in all neonates than in their adult counterparts, suggesting that the neonates are relatively poorly muscled, and that muscle mass must increase with positive allometry during growth.
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Atzeva M,Demes B,Kirkbride ML,Burrows AM,Smith TDdoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.08.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
231-42issue
3eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(06)00177-1journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Archaeological excavations at the DK site in the eastern Olduvai Basin, Tanzania, age-bracketed between ∼1.88 Ma (Bed I Basalt) and ∼1.85 Ma (Tuff IB), record the oldest lahar inundation, modification, and preservation of a hominin "occupation" site yet identified. Our landscape approach reconstructs environments and ...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
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更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.11.011
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Damiao, Inner Mongolia, has three main fossil horizons representing the early, middle, and late Miocene. The middle Miocene locality DM01 is the only primate locality from the region and also represents the latest occurrence of pliopithecoids in northern China. The presence of pliopithecoid primates in central Asia af...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.004
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0335
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.12.007
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.01.003
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.012
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.010
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.05.004
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.008
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102797
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paleolandscape research tests for variation in the spatial distribution of hominid artefacts and establishes the association of hominid activities with paleoenvironmental features over distances of 100s to 1000s of meters. This approach requires (1) precise definition of narrow stratigraphic intervals based on sedimen...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0344
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1997.0180
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0307
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.008
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.012
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.001
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0106
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Aurignacian (ca. 43-35 ka) of southwestern Germany is well known for yielding some of the oldest artifacts related to symbolic behaviors, including examples of figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments. Another aspect of these behaviors is the presence of numerous pieces of iron oxide (ocher); ho...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.005
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1997.0211
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Africa's southern Cape is a key region for the evolution of our species, with early symbolic systems, marine faunal exploitation, and episodic production of microlithic stone tools taken as evidence for the appearance of distinctively complex human behavior. However, the temporally discontinuous nature of this evidenc...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.006
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its discovery in 1938 Sangiran-3 has been considered a juvenile Pithecanthropus (Homo) erectus, and therefore, excluded from studies of adult H. erectus. Although morphological features align Sangiran-3 with H. erectus, its age designation rests on an unconvincing reconstruction of the occipital torus and lack o...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1997.0152
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00