Abstract：
:The aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral and physiological reactions of guide dogs in a distressing situation which promotes attachment behaviors towards their blind owners, and to compare such reactions with those of untrained or trainee dogs. The subjects were 57 adult Labrador and Golden retriever dogs (14 males, 43 females) belonging to four different groups: 19 Custody dogs, 13 Apprentice dogs, 10 Guide dogs and 15 Pet dogs. Dogs were tested using the Strange Situation Test, consisting in seven 3-minute episodes in which the dogs were placed in an unfamiliar environment, introduced to an unfamiliar woman and subjected to separation from their human companion. Tests were video-recorded and behaviors were scored using a 5-second point sampling method. Polar Vantage telemetric system was used to record cardiac activity. ANOVAs for repeated measures with groups and breeds as independent variables, showed a more anxious reaction in pet dogs, which revealed a high degree of proximity seeking behavior. Cardiac activity increased during episodes characterized by the exclusive presence of the stranger, but this increase was more conspicuous in guide dogs than in custody and apprentice dogs. Golden retrievers showed more behaviors suggesting distress compared to Labrador retrievers. This study showed that guide dogs, when separated from their blind owner, reveal a controlled behavioral reaction that is however accompanied by a stronger cardiac activation.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Fallani G,Prato Previde E,Valsecchi Pdoi
10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.12.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-16 00:00:00pages
648-55issue
4eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(06)00520-8journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Anodal direct currents of 1 or 10 microA were unilaterally applied for 30 min once a day to the premotor area of the cerebral cortex in rabbits, in which the current application was repeated 10 times at intervals of 2-3 days. Peripheral motor behavior was observed during and after each polarization trial, and was comp...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90482-h
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, a highly sexually dimorphic brain region, has been called the bed nucleus for endogenous opioids. The potential contribution of opioids in this nucleus to modulate control of ventilation in male and female rats has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study is to d...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)80330-7
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many promising findings from pre-clinical research have failed to translate to the clinic due to their inability to incorporate human disease co-morbidity. A variety of rodent diets and feeding durations are currently used in models of human metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes. One model, the Cafeteria (CAF) diet...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.029
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'post-lunch' dip is a bi-circadian phenomenon, largely unrelated to lunch, and worsened by a disturbed prior night's sleep. Despite anecdotal claims of adverse effects of larger lunches on afternoon driving ability, there is little actual driving data to support this belief. Although there have been various (non-d...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.025
更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been reported that the addition of Acarbose, a alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, to a carbohydrate solution blocks a preference that otherwise would be displayed for that solution. One interpretation of those results is that the alteration in preference was caused by the diminished postabsorptive nutritive value of ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90109-0
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) upon hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats during exposure to 0.5 MPa >99% O(2). In the first experiment, the selective neuronal NO synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) was injected intraperitoneally (ip) in 15 rats. Anothe...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00765-5
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food intake and gastric emptying were measured simultaneously after cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) and saline infusions in order to test the hypothesis that reduction in gastric emptying mediates the effect of CCK-8 on food intake. Each of twelve nonobese healthy men received intravenous infusions of CCK-8 and sa...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90330-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Groups of intact male and female Wistar rats were exposed to a standard passive avoidance procedure. The intensity of the light bulb illuminating the platform during adaptation, pre- and post-shock trials was manipulated (5, 25 or 75 W). Entrance latencies during pre-shock trials were longer for males than for females...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90084-3
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice adapted to drink a flavored saccharin solution (CS-) paired with intragastric (IG) self-infusions of water rapidly increase their intake of a new flavored solution (CS+) that is paired with IG glucose self-infusions. The present study extends this method to examine post-oral glucose appetition in rats. Food-restr...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.042
更新日期：2014-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:This exploratory investigation examined the association between maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) reactivity to mental challenge. Adolescent male judo athletes (n = 20) performed a 2-min mental arithmetic. Heart rate was recorded before, during, and after the arithmetic, and BP...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90187-2
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compared were the light-dark pattern of absolute energy intake and macronutrient selection of male Wistar rats intracerebroventricularly infused with glucagon (5 ng/h) or saline for 7 days in a three-way selection of macronutrients. Glucagon infusion induced a decrease in 24 h and nocturnal energy intake, whereas no s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02108-6
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute insulin administration causes a disparity between the onset of estrous behavior and the LH surge in ovary-intact ewes. To examine the considerable variation in responses, in the present study we used a large number of animals to confirm findings with insulin, and examine whether endotoxin has the same effect. Du...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.09.025
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique for recording single unit activity in the active rat with microelectrodes is described. The microdrive used is small and light enough to be carried in a well that is chronically implanted on the head of the rat. The device permits standard microelectrodes to be lowered without rotation, a feature which red...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(77)90296-7
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that first ingestion of solid food (weaning onset) would be accelerated in young rats with advanced thermoregulatory development. To manipulate the pups' thermoregulatory development, we exposed rat pups, but not their dams, to a Cold (10 degrees C), Moderate (21 degrees C), or Warm (31 degrees C) ambi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00077-8
更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Feather pecking in laying hens is a serious behavioral problem and is often associated with feather eating. There is some evidence that ingested feathers affect gut function. The aim of the present study was to explore whether differences in intestinal microbial metabolites in laying hens with high and low levels of r...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.017
更新日期：2013-02-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of epileptogenic lesion of amygdala on spatial working memory was examined in rats after unilateral (U, n = 9) or bilateral (B, n = 8) injection of 1 or 0.5 mu of 0.2% kainate into the amygdaloid complex. Another group of unilaterally lesioned rats (T, n = 9) received 8 days after kainate injection grafts o...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90124-8
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female rats have a fertile postpartum estrus, which can result in a simultaneous gestation and lactation and later in the overlapping of two different-age litters. These different physiological and contextual situations may affect the maternal behavior of lactating rats and provoke long-lasting changes in the affectiv...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.02.004
更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent research has analyzed how individual characteristics, like the exposure to different hormones and symmetry, affect decision-making and strategic behaviour. The present article investigates the effect of symmetry, of exposure to testosterone (T) in utero and during puberty and of current T on cooperation in a Pr...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.013
更新日期：2010-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:A higher viscosity of a food leads to a longer orosensory stimulation. This may facilitate the learned association between sensory signals and metabolic consequences. In the current study we investigated the effect of viscosity on learned satiation. In two intervention groups a low viscosity (LV) yogurt (n=24) and a h...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.018
更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that extensive damage to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats causes reversal learning deficits. The mPFC of rats, however, consists of several subareas that are different from each other in both cytoarchitecture and neural connectivity, suggesting a functional dissociation among the...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00216-9
更新日期：1998-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique is described in which rat pups (5-7 days old) are induced into a state of suspended animation by placing them in the freezing compartment of a refrigerator at -20 degrees C for 8-10 minutes. This induces cessation of respiration and heart beat for 12-15 minutes. Surgical pinealectomy is undertaken during t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90088-7
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Supervised exercise therapy is the first step in treatment of intermittent claudication. However, adherence to supervised exercise therapy is low. Limited access and reimbursement issues are known reasons, though lack of motivation is often leading. Behavioral determinants influencing motivation and thus adh...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112732
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and corticosterone (CS) concentrations were determined simultaneously in permanently heart-cannulated rats before and during the performance of reinforced and nonreinforced (extinguished) operant behavior. Shortly before the experimental food-reinforced (VI 15-sec schedule) le...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90079-j
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of oil enriched diets on sexual and exploratory behavior has been studied in male rats undernourished in utero and during lactation. At 20 days of age, for a period of 4 months, these animals were fed with 3 different diets: standard diet, standard diet enriched with 7% soybean oil, and standard diet enrich...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00150-9
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparison of the interoceptive sensory consequences of cholecystokinin, bombesin, and 1-h food deprivation was conducted in rats. In two experiments, rats were first trained to use stimuli arising from different degrees of food deprivation (1 and 24 h or 1 and 4 h) as discriminative signals for shock, and were then...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90182-f
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple device constructed from inexpensive components enables spike activity to be integrated and displayed in a convenient scale (spikes/sec) on a pen recorder. An input voltage threshold detection circuit is employed to eliminate any random baseline noise from being integrated. A pulse output is provided to drive ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(75)90151-1
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult female mice were exposed to a combination of four anabolic-androgenic steroids for 9 weeks at doses that were either one or five times the androgenic maintenance level for male mice. Relative to control females, steroid treatment depressed gonadotropin secretion and increased both dry body weight and fat content...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02027-6
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to a diet rich in fats changes the gastrointestinal milieu and alters responses to several signals involved in the control of food intake. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a gut-derived satiety signal released from enterocytes upon the ingestion of dietary fats. The anorexigenic effect of OEA, which requir...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.039
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sea bass, a fish species characterized by its dualistic feeding pattern, was investigated to study the synchronizing effect of light and food on the demand-feeding rhythm. Nocturnal and diurnal sea bass, both in groups and individually, were exposed to restricted-feeding (RF) and light-dark (LD) cycles of different pe...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)00116-z
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of nonpharmacologically-induced deprivation of paradoxical sleep for a 24 hour period were studied in rabbits. Response characteristics commonly associated with the deprivation procedure in other species were observed, as well as features apparently peculiar to the rabbit. Like other mammals, rabbits: (1) ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90352-5
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
