Effect of storage temperatures on opacity and total nitrogen content of cholera vaccine.

Abstract:

:Fluid cholera vaccine was examined for its stability at 4-8 degrees C, 20-25 degrees C and 37 degrees C with regard to the number of organisms present and the total nitrogen content. Ten batches of fluid cholera vaccine manufactured at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India were taken for the study. The number of organisms was determined at weekly intervals for the first month and at monthly intervals for the next 11 months. The percentage loss in the number of organisms after one year averaged 6.5 at 4-8 degrees C, 20.6 at 20-25 degrees C and 21.5 at 37 degrees C. The maximum loss in number of organisms took place during the first six months at these temperatures, in the following six months the number of organisms remained almost constant even at 37 degrees C. The total nitrogen content of the vaccine remained virtually unaltered during the same period. From this study it was concluded that the number of organisms and the total nitrogen content does not reflect the antigenicity nor potency of the vaccine.

journal_name

Vaccine

journal_title

Vaccine

authors

Gupta RK,Maheshwari SC,Sharma SB,Ahuja S,Saxena SN

doi

10.1016/0264-410x(84)90046-x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1984-12-01 00:00:00

pages

284-6

issue

4

eissn

0264-410X

issn

1873-2518

pii

0264-410X(84)90046-X

journal_volume

2

pub_type

杂志文章

相关文献

VACCINE文献大全
  • Blood stage merozoite surface protein conjugated to nanoparticles induce potent parasite inhibitory antibodies.

    abstract::In this proof-of-concept study we report the use of <15 nm, water soluble, inorganic nanoparticles as a vaccine delivery system for a blood stage malaria vaccine. The recombinant malarial antigen, Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (rMSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum served as the model vaccine. The rMSP1 was covalently conjuga...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.070

    authors: Pusic K,Xu H,Stridiron A,Aguilar Z,Wang A,Hui G

    更新日期:2011-11-08 00:00:00

  • Design and immunogenicity analysis of the combined vaccine against zoonotic hepatitis E and foot-and-mouth disease.

    abstract:AIM:Design and immunogenicity assessment of the combined vaccine candidate against zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). METHODS:Using the molecular cloning technology, we produced and purified 9 HEV ORF2-truncated proteins (HEV genotype 4). Then, we compared their thermal stability...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.036

    authors: Liu Z,Behloul N,Baha S,Wei W,Shi R,Meng J

    更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00

  • Economic analysis for evidence-based policy-making on a national immunization program: a case of rotavirus vaccine in Thailand.

    abstract::Severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus is a health problem worldwide, including Thailand. The World Health Organization has recommended incorporating rotavirus vaccination into national immunization programs. This policy has been implemented in several countries, but not in Thailand where the mortality rate is not high. ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.047

    authors: Muangchana C,Riewpaiboon A,Jiamsiri S,Thamapornpilas P,Warinsatian P

    更新日期:2012-04-16 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of modified vaccinia virus Ankara based recombinant SARS vaccine in ferrets.

    abstract::Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS-CoV) remains a threat to cause epidemics as evidenced by recent sporadic cases in China. In this communication, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of two SARS vaccine candidates based on the recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.033

    authors: Czub M,Weingartl H,Czub S,He R,Cao J

    更新日期:2005-03-18 00:00:00

  • Perspectives on the control of hepatitis A by vaccination.

    abstract::The availability of an inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine, and the development of live attenuated virus vaccines against hepatitis represent great advances in the effort to control an important cause of viral hepatitis. There are a number of ways hepatitis A vaccines could be used, depending on the epidemiolo...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0264-410x(92)90555-x

    authors: Kane MA

    更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00

  • The influence of gamma inulin and Algammulin on the immune response in sheep to a recombinant antigen of Taenia ovis.

    abstract::Gamma inulin and Algammulin, two new adjuvants, were examined and compared with alum and Freund's Complete/Incomplete Adjuvant (FCA/FIA), for potentiation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity in sheep to a recombinant Taenia ovis antigen. The ability to protect sheep when challenged with live T. ovis e...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)00023-g

    authors: Deol HS,Palmer DG,Dunsmore T,Carnegie PR

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Towards the rational design of Th1 adjuvants.

    abstract::Finding adjuvants in order to enhance immune responses against target immunogens has been a major and recurrent issue for the vaccine industry. It is yet to be solved, most particularly in the context of a growing interest in designing new types of vaccines capable of eliciting Th1 immune responses. A review of synthe...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00193-1

    authors: Moingeon P,Haensler J,Lindberg A

    更新日期:2001-08-14 00:00:00

  • Modelling the epidemiological impact of rotavirus vaccination in Germany--a Bayesian approach.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Rotavirus (RV) infection is the primary cause of severe gastroenteritis in children aged <5 years in Germany and worldwide. In 2013 the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) developed a national recommendation for routine RV-immunization of infants. To support informed decision-making we predicted...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.090

    authors: Weidemann F,Dehnert M,Koch J,Wichmann O,Höhle M

    更新日期:2014-09-08 00:00:00

  • B cell immunopathology during HIV-1 infection: lessons to learn for HIV-1 vaccine design.

    abstract::Induction of broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies should be a major goal of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. However, B cells are severely damaged during HIV-1 infection with loss of memory B cells and decline of serological memory. The molecular events leading to B cell damage must be further characterized with the aim of ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.063

    authors: Cagigi A,Nilsson A,De Milito A,Chiodi F

    更新日期:2008-06-06 00:00:00

  • The recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine induces protection against C. difficile spore challenge in a mouse model.

    abstract::Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis in the developed world. Two potent cytotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) are the virulence factors of this disease and can be a good vaccine candidate against CDI. In the present study, we genetically engineered ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.006

    authors: Guo S,Yan W,McDonough SP,Lin N,Wu KJ,He H,Xiang H,Yang M,Moreira MA,Chang YF

    更新日期:2015-03-24 00:00:00

  • Synthetic peptides induce antibody against a host-protective antigen of Echinococcus granulosus.

    abstract::The immunogenicity of four synthetic peptides was investigated in sheep. The sequences of the peptides (6, 12/13, 21/22 and 24) were derived from linear, antibody-binding epitopes of the EG95 recombinant protein, a host-protective antigen of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Sheep were immunised with either free p...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00350-3

    authors: Woollard DJ,Gauci CG,Lightowlers MW

    更新日期:1999-12-10 00:00:00

  • Rotavirus infections in a community based cohort in Vellore, India.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The burden of infection in communities determines the spread of rotavirus infection and disease in susceptible populations. This study reports rotavirus infection and disease in a community based birth cohort in Vellore. METHODS:Bimonthly surveillance and diarrheal stool were collected from 452 children e...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.039

    authors: Paul A,Gladstone BP,Mukhopadhya I,Kang G

    更新日期:2014-08-11 00:00:00

  • A randomized controlled trial of low-dose recombinant human interferons alpha-2b nasal spray to prevent acute viral respiratory infections in military recruits.

    abstract::The military population has a high disease burden of acute viral respiratory infections in China. To assess the efficacy and safety of a low-dose recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rIFNalpha-2b) nasal spray in preventing acute viral respiratory infections in military population, we performed this randomized contro...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.062

    authors: Gao L,Yu S,Chen Q,Duan Z,Zhou J,Mao C,Yu D,Zhu W,Nie J,Hou Y

    更新日期:2010-06-17 00:00:00

  • The impact of private use of PCV7 in 2009 and 2010 on serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae carried by young children in Portugal: Comparison with data obtained since 1996 generating a 15-year study prior to PCV13 introduction

    abstract::In Portugal, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was not introduced in the national immunization plan but was commercially available between 2001 and 2010. We studied serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae carried by children in 2009 and 2010. Vaccination with PC...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.045

    authors: Nunes S,Félix S,Valente C,Simões AS,Tavares DA,Almeida ST,Paulo AC,Brito-Avô A,de Lencastre H,Sá-Leão R

    更新日期:2016-03-29 00:00:00

  • Direct immunization of the abomasum or rectum of goats induces local lymph node responses against Haemonchus contortus mucosal antigens.

    abstract::We investigated several methods to immunize the abomasum (fourth and gastric stomach) of kid goats by direct (abomasal) or distal (rectal or nasal) routes utilizing mucosal antigens isolated from the abomasal parasite, Haemonchus contortus. Direct (ultrasound guided), immunization of the abomasal mucosa together with ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.003

    authors: Jasmer DP,Brown WC,Parish S

    更新日期:2011-04-05 00:00:00

  • Changes in meningococcal C epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness after vaccine introduction and schedule modification.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine was included in December 2000 in the Spanish childhood vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. In 2006, routine vaccination was modified to two doses at 2 and 4-6 months and a booster dose during the second year of age. Additionally, successive catch-up campaigns were launched...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.010

    authors: Garrido-Estepa M,León-Gómez I,Herruzo R,Cano R

    更新日期:2014-05-07 00:00:00

  • A novel lamprey antibody sequence to multimerize and increase the immunogenicity of recombinant viral and bacterial vaccine antigens.

    abstract::Hemagglutinin, the major surface protein of influenza viruses, was recombinantly expressed in eukaryotic cells as a monomer instead of its native trimer, and was only immunogenic when administered with an adjuvant [Pion et al. 2014]. In order to multimerize this antigen to increase its immunogenicity, a cysteine-rich ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.073

    authors: Peubez I,Margot S,Buffin S,Pion C,Bernard MC,Dinadayala P,Poncet D,Deloire S,Marco S,Legastelois I

    更新日期:2020-11-25 00:00:00

  • Use of rubella seroepidemiological data for assessment of previous vaccination policy and for decision making in response to epidemics in Israel.

    abstract::We examined the prevalence of rubella antibodies in a representative sample of the Israeli population. Three thousand three hundred and twenty-six sera collected during 1997 and 1998, from an age-stratified general population sample were tested for specific IgG antibodies against rubella. The sero-positivity rates to ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.024

    authors: Cohen D,Muhsen Kh,Aboudy Y,Harari H,Mendelson E,Green MS

    更新日期:2006-07-07 00:00:00

  • Anti-tumor effect of DNA-based vaccination and dSLIM immunomodulatory molecules in mice with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

    abstract::Since the prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ ALL) still remains poor, new relapse prevention strategies are needed. We evaluated the pre-immunization of mice with DNA-based vaccines subsequently challenged by the syngeneic Ph+ ALL cell line BM185. Ballistic t...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.094

    authors: Köchling J,Prada J,Bahrami M,Stripecke R,Seeger K,Henze G,Wittig B,Schmidt M

    更新日期:2008-08-26 00:00:00

  • Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in the Netherlands, 2003-2007: children of Chinese mothers are at increased risk of breakthrough infection.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In the Netherlands, different hepatitis B vaccination schedules have been used for children born to HBV-infected mothers. All schedules included a birth dose of hepatitis B immunoglobuline (HBIg). We assessed determinants of perinatal HBV transmission and determinants of anti-HBs titers in infants born to HB...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.071

    authors: Hahné S,van den Hoek A,Baayen D,van der Sande M,de Melker H,Boot H

    更新日期:2012-02-21 00:00:00

  • Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated monovalent 2009 H1N1 influenza A vaccine in immunocompromised children and young adults.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Influenza vaccination is recommended for immunocompromised patients. METHODS:Children (6 months to 21 years) with cancer, HIV infection, or sickle cell disease (SCD) received 1 or 2 doses of pandemic 2009 H1N1 monovalent influenza vaccine (H1N1 MIV). Safety and tolerability, hemagglutination inhibition (HI)...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.105

    authors: Hakim H,Allison KJ,Van De Velde LA,Li Y,Flynn PM,McCullers JA

    更新日期:2012-01-20 00:00:00

  • Recombinant West Nile virus envelope protein E and domain III expressed in insect larvae protects mice against West Nile disease.

    abstract::In this study, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope (rE) protein and its domain III (rDIII) were efficiently expressed in a cost-effective system based on insect larvae as non-fermentative living biofactories. Mice immunized with the partially purified rE or rDIII elicited high antibodies titers that neutralized viral infec...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.081

    authors: Alonso-Padilla J,de Oya NJ,Blázquez AB,Escribano-Romero E,Escribano JM,Saiz JC

    更新日期:2011-02-17 00:00:00

  • Protective efficacy of a trivalent recombinant hemagglutinin protein vaccine (FluBlok®) against influenza in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Development of influenza vaccines that do not use embryonated eggs as the substrate for vaccine production is a high priority. We conducted this study to determine the protective efficacy a recombinant, baculovirus-expressed seasonal trivalent influenza virus hemagglutinin (rHA0) vaccine (FluBlok(®)). METHO...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.128

    authors: Treanor JJ,El Sahly H,King J,Graham I,Izikson R,Kohberger R,Patriarca P,Cox M

    更新日期:2011-10-13 00:00:00

  • Binding of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected lymphocytes elicited by vaccines and by natural infection.

    abstract::Binding of antibodies to oligomeric envelope glycoprotein of R5-tropic primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied by flow cytometry using sera from HIV-1 vaccine recipients and clade B and C HIV-1-infected patients, and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to neutralizing epitopes of H...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.07.013

    authors: Gorse GJ,Patel GB,Arbuckle JA,Belshe RB

    更新日期:2004-01-02 00:00:00

  • The level of protection against rotavirus shedding in mice following immunization with a chimeric VP6 protein is dependent on the route and the coadministered adjuvant.

    abstract::Intranasal (i.n.) immunization of BALB/c mice with chimeric murine rotavirus EDIM (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice) VP6 and attenuated E. coli heat-labile toxin (LT), LT(R192G), stimulated >99% protection against rotavirus shedding after EDIM challenge. Here, we evaluated other potential adjuvants with chimeric VP6 ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00043-9

    authors: Choi AH,McNeal MM,Flint JA,Basu M,Lycke NY,Clements JD,Bean JA,Davis HL,McCluskie MJ,VanCott JL,Ward RL

    更新日期:2002-03-15 00:00:00

  • Modeling the effects of influenza vaccination of health care workers in hospital departments.

    abstract::Nowadays health care worker (HCW) vaccination is widely recommended. Although the benefits of this strategy have been demonstrated in long-term care settings, no studies have been performed in regular hospital departments. We adapt a previously developed model of influenza transmission in a long-term care nursing home...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.104

    authors: van den Dool C,Bonten MJ,Hak E,Wallinga J

    更新日期:2009-10-19 00:00:00

  • Construction and evaluation of the eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding two copies of somatostatin genes fused with hepatitis B surface antigen gene S.

    abstract::The aim of current study was to evaluate the prospects of somatostatin DNA vaccine. Two copies of somatostatin (SS) genes were fused with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) S gene using genetic engineering methods, the identified recombinant plasmid designated as pcS/2SS was transfected into HeLa cells to detect ...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.036

    authors: Liang A,Cao S,Han L,Yao Y,Moaeen-Ud-Din M,Yang L

    更新日期:2008-06-02 00:00:00

  • Frequency and erroneous usage of temporary medical exemptions and knowledge of immunization guidelines among some Miami-Dade County Florida providers.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:We assessed knowledge and practices regarding immunization guidelines and the Florida Certificate of Immunization (DH-680) based on FL-DOH and CDC recommendations, to identify the cause of the increasing number of erroneously issued temporary medical exemptions (TME) among selected health care providers in Mi...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.041

    authors: Cruze AR,Zhang G,Thomas L,Alonso J,Sandoval L

    更新日期:2014-07-31 00:00:00

  • Placebo-controlled efficacy study of hepatitis A vaccine in Valdivia, Chile.

    abstract::A placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the efficacy of a hepatitis A vaccine (SmithKline Beecham Biologicals) was started in a region of Chile in September 1990, using hepatitis B vaccine as control. A total of 260 healthy children, 6-15 years of age, negative for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), antibod...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/0264-410x(92)90573-3

    authors: Riedemann S,Reinhardt G,Frösner GG,Ibarra H,Moraleda L,Hering V,Siegel F,Toledo C,Leon J,Gonzalez JL

    更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00

  • Intranasal Protollin-formulated recombinant SARS S-protein elicits respiratory and serum neutralizing antibodies and protection in mice.

    abstract::The feasibility of developing a prophylactic vaccine against SARS was assessed by comparing the immune responses elicited by immunizing mice with a recombinant SARS spike glycoprotein (S-protein) formulated with different adjuvants, given by different routes. In both young and aged mice, an intranasal Protollin-formul...

    journal_title:Vaccine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.017

    authors: Hu MC,Jones T,Kenney RT,Barnard DL,Burt DS,Lowell GH

    更新日期:2007-08-21 00:00:00