Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Enteric illness arising from contaminated water and food is a major health concern worldwide, and tracking the incidences and severity of outbreaks is still a challenging task. Most developed and developing countries have administrative databases for medical visits and services maintained by the government and/or health insurance authorities. Although these databases could be extremely valuable resources to track patterns of environmental and other health issues, test hypotheses, and develop epidemiologic models and predictions, very little research has been done to develop methods to ensure the robustness of such databases and to demonstrate their utility as a research tool. OBJECTIVES:We used the Medical Services Plan (MSP) database of British Columbia, Canada, to develop innovative ways to use medical billing and fee-for-services data to track long-term patterns of enteric illness at the level of populations and communities. RESULTS:To illustrate the power and robustness of the method, we provided several examples covering 8 years of data from each of four communities covering a large range of population size. Not only could this method generalize to other diseases for which specific fee item markers can be found, but also it gives results consistent with a known outbreak and yields data patterns, which could not be revealed by the currently used methods. Because diagnostic code and fee item data for medical services are collected by most medical insurance agencies, our method can have global applications for tracking enteric and other illnesses at the level of populations and communities.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Peace T,Mazumder Adoi
10.1289/ehp.9199subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
58-64issue
1eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Carbon monoxide is widely distributed in the environment, and acute or chronic toxic effects may be of considerable public health significance. A review of the basis for current ambient standards is given. Mortality and morbidity studies have been negative or equivocal in relating carbon monoxide levels to health effe...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8352131
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some have hypothesized that community water containing sodium silicofluoride and hydrofluosilicic acid may increase blood lead (PbB) concentrations in children by leaching of lead from water conduits and by increasing absorption of lead from water. Our analysis aimed to evaluate the relation between water fluoridation...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8319
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies performed earlier have shown a positive relation between blood lead (a parameter for lead body burden) and blood pressure, whereas such a relation between urine cadmium (a parameter for cadmium body burden) and blood pressure could not be shown. Median (i.e., 50th percentile, P50) blood levels in the general p...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.887867
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Benzene is a common industrial chemical known to induce leukemia and other blood disorders, as well as aneuploidy, in both human blood cells and sperm at exposures > 10 ppm. Recent reports have identified health effects at exposure levels < 1 ppm, the permissible exposure limit (PEL; 8 hr) set by the U.S. Oc...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.0901531
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans are exposed to a large number of environmental genotoxic agents. These can increase the probability that somatic mutation will occur. The use of genotoxicity testing is essential for assessment of potential human toxicity so that hazards can be prevented. Cytogenetic monitoring of human populations exposed to c...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102s4131
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:[35S]t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate or [35S]TBPS is an improved radioligand for the picrotoxinin binding site in rat brain synaptic membranes. The toxic isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorobornanes, and chlorinated cyclodienes displace [35S]TBPS with a stereospecificity and potency generally correlated w...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.8561123
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway. OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children. METHODS:We condu...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1289/ehp.10882
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung counting is highly geometry dependent, especially at low photon energies. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine the magnitude of the errors obtained if it is assumed that the deposition is homogeneous, when in fact it is not. Simulation for a germanium lung counting system consisting of four, 70 mm ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.97105s61393
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report on findings from a 2-year follow-up study of immigrants originating from exposed areas around the site of the 1986 Chernobyl accident matched with comparison subjects emigrating from other republics in the Confederation of Independent States. In the initial study of 708 immigrants, the samples were matched b...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.97105s61545
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tetraethyl lead was phased out of gasoline in Uganda in 2005. Recent mitigation of an important source of lead exposure suggests examination and re-evaluation of the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning in this country. Ongoing concerns persist about exposure from the Kiteezi landfill in Kampala, the count...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.0901768
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subchronic inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) was evaluated in rats and rabbits using a 13-week exposure regimen. Groups of 20 rabbits (10 M, 10 F) and 30 rats (15 M, 15 F) were exposed to a vapor of 25 ppm, 100 ppm, or 400 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week. The control groups received air on...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8457157
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Rodent models for urban air pollution show consistent induction of inflammatory responses in major brain regions. However, the initial impact of air pollution particulate material on olfactory gateways has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) and brain regional respon...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP134
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potential public health effects associated with exposure to metal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators through noninhalation pathways were evaluated. Instead of relying on modeling the movement of toxicants through various environmental media, an approach based on estimating changes from baseline levels of expo...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102105
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With this research I tested the hypothesis that individual preferences for specific ecosystem components and restorative environments are significantly associated with quality of life (QOL). A total of 379 human subjects responded to a structured 18-item questionnaire on topophilia and to the 26-item World Health Orga...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7467
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The timing of some key embryological events is given for man, rat, chick, and certain other animals. Such times, however, are approximations, and variations occur among members of the same strain and even among members of the same litter. Some differences in developmental patterns are indicated. ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.761855
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Martineau et al. (2002) reported that St. Lawrence beluga (SLB) have high cancer rates. Unfortunately, errors in their interpretation of the data have led them to overstate the importance of cancer and its links to environmental sources. ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：10.1289/ehp.111-a77c
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pesticides used in agriculture may cause adverse health effects among the population living near agricultural areas. However, identifying the populations most likely to be exposed is difficult. We conducted a feasibility study to determine whether satellite imagery could be used to reconstruct historical crop patterns...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.001085
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient ozone and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, the largest developing country, there has been no prior study investigating the acute effect of O3 on death risk. Given the changes in types of air pollution from conventional coal combustion to t...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.9014
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enhanced transport of trace metal in porous media can occur in the presence of a ligand or "carrier" that has a high affinity for binding the pollutant, is dispersed and mobile in the soil environment, is recalcitrant with respect to microbial degradation, and is acceptable to the public. These aspects of the facilita...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.95103s153
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past and current EPA research and regulatory programs as they relate to non-regulated emissions from light-duty motor vehicles are reviewed. Provisions of Sections 202(a) and 211 of the 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments are discussed and their relationships to the nonregulated emissions issue detailed. The EPA positio...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.75105
更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Daily adult human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been estimated at <1 µg/kg, with virtually complete first-pass conjugation in the liver in primates but not in mice. We measured unconjugated and conjugated BPA levels in serum from adult female rhesus monkeys and adult female mice after oral administration ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.1002514
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride at pH 7.4. The labeling patterns of galactosyl and N-acetyl galactosaminyl residues on the cell surface were altered in comparing scraped vs. unscraped and buffer vs. media-soaked cells treated with...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8034103
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead encephalopathy was induced in developing Long-Evans rats by adding lead carbonate (4% w/w) to the diet of nursing mother immediately after delivery. The morphological and biochemical features of cerebral ontogenesis were studied in 30-day-old rats. By the 30th postnatal day, the overall effect of lead intoxicatio...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.747187
更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male reproduction has been given little attention in science and in medical practice. However, a recent metaanalysis on semen quality, which clearly pointed to a decrease over the past 50 years, has been repeatedly quoted. Three recent reports have found that semen quality has declined among candidate semen donors dur...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.95103s7137
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we investigated the potential impact of climate change in Portugal on heat-related mortality, air pollution-related health effects, and selected vectorborne diseases. The assessment used climate scenarios from two regional climate models for a range of future time periods. The annual heat-related death r...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8431
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ambient air ozone (O3) is a pulmonary irritant that has been associated with respiratory health effects including increased lung inflammation and permeability, airway hyperreactivity, respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function. Estimation of O3 exposure is a complex task because the pollutant exhibits...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1306566
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured tumor-associated proteins (TAPs) and pollutants in blood, serum, and urine of 200 nonsmoking women 50-65 years of age, residing in the rural municipality of Peer or in Hoboken or Wilrijk, industrial suburbs of Antwerp, Belgium. Persons with occupational exposures or commuting to other towns were excluded. ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8811
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sex-specific associations have been reported between phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and child behavior. No data on large study populations are available for other phenols with possible endocrine-disrupting properties. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to study associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and seve...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP1314
更新日期：2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A review of the literature is provided for the topic of health-related research and power frequency electromagnetic fields. Minimal evidence for concern is present on the basis of animal and plant research. General observation would accord with the implication that there is no single and manifest health effect as the ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.8775159
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
