Abstract:
BACKGROUND:In recent years, an increasing number of women have been entering the labor force. It is known that in men, employment is related to heart disease risk, but there are few studies examining this association among women. METHODS:The relation between employment status and heart disease risk factors including lipid and lipoprotein levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and postchallenge plasma glucose and insulin levels, was examined in 242 women aged 40 to 59 years, who were participants in the Rancho Bernardo Heart and Chronic Disease Survey. At the time of a follow-up clinic visit between 1984 and 1987, 46.7% were employed, primarily in managerial positions. RESULTS:Employed women smoked fewer cigarettes, drank less alcohol, and exercised more than unemployed women, but these differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for covariates, employed women had significantly lower total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels than unemployed women. Differences on other biological variables, although not statistically significant, also favored the employed women. CONCLUSIONS:Results of this study suggest that middle-aged women employed in managerial positions are healthier than unemployed women.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Kritz-Silverstein D,Wingard DL,Barrett-Connor Edoi
10.2105/ajph.82.2.215subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-02-01 00:00:00pages
215-9issue
2eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:The National AIDS Behavioral Survey (1990-1992) of heterosexual adults (18-49 years) measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors, condom use, and HIV antibody testing, with a focus on major "high-risk" cities. METHODS:A longitudinal survey was conducted. RESULTS:There was little reduction in t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.11.1492
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual and reproductive health remains the contentious concept it was at the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo, Egypt. In light of the recent 15-year review of ICPD, we suggest several areas where advocates, practitioners, and researchers can inform future...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.177873
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to update income-specific secular trends in obesity in Brazil to assess the hypothesis that the disease burden is shifting toward the poor. METHODS:We compared overall and income-specific obesity prevalence rates estimated for Brazilian men and women from national surveys conducted in 1975, 1989, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.099630
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To examine state-level factors associated with late-stage HIV diagnoses in the United States.Methods. We examined state-level factors associated with late-stage diagnoses by estimating negative binomial regression models. We used 2013 to 2016 data from the National HIV Surveillance System (late-stage diagn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305273
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a mass diphtheria-tetanus immunization campaign in November 1975, more than 220,000 doses of diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, adult type were administered to adults throughout Alaska. In Anchorage, where more than 87,000 doses were given, a survey was conducted to determine the frequency of side effects. Postcard que...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.3.246
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol consumption on a per capita country basis is associated with diabetes mortality rates for men. The relation is also positive for women, but not statistically significant. Countries that consume primarily beer have higher diabetes mortality rates than countries that consume primarily spirits or wine. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.11.1316
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used data from the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study to examine whether individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics were associated with periodontal disease. METHODS:We assessed severe periodontitis with a combination of clinical attachment loss and pocket depth measur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.055277
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined whether and to what extent a woman's exposure to stressful life events prior to conception (PSLEs) was associated with preterm birth and whether maternal age modified this relationship. METHODS:We examined 9350 mothers and infants participating in the first wave of the Early Childhood Longitud...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301688
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The influx of Southeast Asians into the United States allows for the study of this special population and contributes to a broader understanding of reproductive health. METHODS:We used information on birth certificates to identify 1937 Hmong children born 1985 through 1988 in California, and we compared bir...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.10.1361
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this study, we examine the impact of a school-based curriculum designed to reduce violence among urban sixth-grade students. METHODS:This study used a staggered implementation design in which sixth-graders in six middle schools were taught an 18-session violence-prevention curriculum during either the fa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.979
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Disablement Process model explicates the transition from health conditions to disability and specifically emphasizes the role of intervening factors that speed up or slow down the pathway between pathology and disability. We used hierarchical Poisson regression analyses with data on older adults from central North...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.054494
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether the traditional definition of small for gestational age (SGA) is an appropriate marker of risk for populations that have relatively lower birthweight is unclear. We determined proportions of White and Asian Indian SGA infants and those admitted to the special care nursery. Compared with White infants, Asian In...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To quantify changes in US health care spending required to reach parity with high-resource nations by 2030 or 2040 and identify historical precedents for these changes.Methods. We analyzed multiple sources of historical and projected spending from 1970 through 2040. Parity was defined as the Organisation f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305793
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entrenched poor health and health inequity are important public health problems. Conventionally, solutions to such problems originate from the health care sector, a conception reinforced by the dominant biomedical imagination of health. By contrast, attention to the social determinants of health has recently been give...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.154856
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether healthy lifestyles are associated with absence of depressed mood. METHODS:A sample of 1169 adult participants in the Maastricht Aging Study provided baseline and 6-year follow-up data on smoking, alcohol use, physical exercise, body mass index, and mood. We examined associations between ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053199
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based, parent-centered intervention, Familias Unidas, delivered by nonresearch personnel, in preventing substance use (alcohol, illicit drugs) and sex without a condom among Hispanic adolescents. METHODS:A randomized controlled trial (n = 746) evaluated the effec...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303653
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cash can never compensate people for a half century of exile and the destruction of a lifestyle and culture. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.9.1371
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 through 1984) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II (1976 through 1980) were used to examine reported physician-diagnosed asthma among 6-month-old through 11-year-old children. The highest prevalence of active ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.4.580
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients who do not regularly visit general health care providers but do visit dentists and whose unaddressed systemic health conditions could therefore be identified by their dentist. Of the 26.0% of children and 24.1% of adults that did not access general outpatient ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300420
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300653
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.3.429
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research suggests that greater ethnic density correlates with worse health among African Americans but better health among Hispanic Americans. These conflicting patterns may arise from Hispanic American samples being older than African American samples. We found that among 2367 Mexican American and 2790 African Americ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300787
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the firearms used in 235 suicides in Sacramento County, California, during 1983-85. Handguns were used in 69 per cent of firearm suicides--65 per cent for males, 88 per cent for females--and in all such deaths among women ages 35 and older. We tested the hypothesis that the choice of firearms by persons c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.7.824
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared Black West Indian immigrants' and US-born Blacks' sexual and drug-use risk behaviors and their beliefs related to using condoms and informing partners of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to identify possible differences in risk. METHODS:We drew data from the baseline assessment of a clinic...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.106443
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The history of consumer protection against household poisons presents a key case study of the uniquely American struggle to balance public health and safety with the interests of business. By the late 19th century, package designs, warning labels, and state statutes had formed an uneven patchwork of protective mechani...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301066
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the longitudinal effects of a Housing First program for homeless, mentally ill individuals' on those individuals' consumer choice, housing stability, substance use, treatment utilization, and psychiatric symptoms. METHODS:Two hundred twenty-five participants were randomly assigned to receive hou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.4.651
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated emergency department (ED)-based outreach for the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). METHODS:We conducted a multicenter trial among uninsured children (< or = 18 years) who presented to 5 EDs in 2001 and 2002. On-site staff enrolled consecutive subjects for a control period follo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.037242
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Delphi Technique was used to elicit a number of essential competencies expected of the "entry-level" public health nutritionist from members of Graduate Faculties of Programs in Public Health Nutrition. Questionnaires composed of "competency statements" were constructed from these responses and sent to practitione...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.11.1099
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Affirmative action programs of all types are under attack legally and politically. Although medical schools have not been specifically targeted, their affirmative action programs, like others in higher education, are potentially in danger. This article examines the current legal status of affirmative action in medical...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.8.1256
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a high prevalence of oral disease in the Alaska Native population, much of which goes untreated, creating a large discrepancy between the level of their oral health and that of the general population. The causes of this discrepancy are multiple--a major cause being the lack of access to care, especially in re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053546
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00