Abstract:
:Coronaviruses are the largest RNA viruses, and their genomes encode replication machinery capable of efficient replication of both positive- and negative-strand viral RNAs as well as enzymes capable of processing large viral polyproteins into putative replication intermediates and mature proteins. A model described recently by Sawicki et al. (S. G. Sawicki, D. L. Sawicki, D. Younker, Y. Meyer, V. Thiel, H. Stokes, and S. G. Siddell, PLoS Pathog. 1:e39, 2005), based upon complementation studies of known temperature-sensitive (TS) mutants of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) strain A59, proposes that an intermediate comprised of nsp4 to nsp10/11 ( approximately 150 kDa) is involved in negative-strand synthesis. Furthermore, the mature forms of nsp4 to nsp10 are thought to serve as cofactors with other replicase proteins to assemble a larger replication complex specifically formed to transcribe positive-strand RNAs. In this study, we introduced a single-amino-acid change (nsp10:Q65E) associated with the TS-LA6 phenotype into nsp10 of the infectious clone of MHV. Growth kinetic studies demonstrated that this mutation was sufficient to generate the TS phenotype at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the TS mutant variant of nsp10 inhibits the main protease, 3CLpro, blocking its function completely at the nonpermissive temperature. These results implicate nsp10 as being a critical factor in the activation of 3CLpro function. We discuss how these findings challenge the current hypothesis that nsp4 to nsp10/11 functions as a single cistron in negative-strand RNA synthesis and analyze recent complementation data in light of these new findings.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Donaldson EF,Graham RL,Sims AC,Denison MR,Baric RSdoi
10.1128/JVI.00049-07subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
7086-98issue
13eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00049-07journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Defective reovirions lacking the largest (L-1) of the normal 10 genomic segments grow only in association with helper reovirus. Because of the similarity in properties of defective and infectious virions, separation of the two populations by physical methods has been unseccessful. Controlled digestion of purified viru...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.15.4.954-963.1975
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) possesses protease activity responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of the viral polyprotein at the junctions of nonstructural proteins downstream of NS3. The NS3 protein was also found to be internally cleaved. In this study, we demonstrated that internal cleavages occurred...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00348-07
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A malignant glioma cell line was infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus type IIIB isolate of the human immunodeficiency virus. Infection appeared to be latent rather than productive. Through contact with monocytic or lymphoid cells, the virus present in the glioma cells could be transmitted and gave rise to a fu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.4.1244-1247.1987
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can reduce levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma to below the limit of detection, replication-competent forms of the virus persist in all infected individuals. One form of persistence involves a stable reservoir of ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.18.9481-9492.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped DNA virus that presumably buds at intracellular membranes of infected cells. HBV budding involves two endocytic host proteins, the ubiquitin-interacting adaptor gamma 2-adaptin and the Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we demonstrate that HBV release also requires the cellular machi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00479-07
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 54 (ORF54) gene encodes an 87-kDa monomer that oligomerizes to form the VZV portal protein, pORF54. pORF54 was hypothesized to perform a function similar to that of a previously described herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) homolog, pUL6. pUL6 and the associated viral ter...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00376-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to analyze the function of VPg amplification in aphthoviruses, we have undertaken the first mutational analysis of the repetitive VPg-coding region using an improved foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) cDNA clone from which infective viral RNA was synthesized. A set of VPg mutants was constructed by site-dire...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.4.2251-2260.1992
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) transactivates EBV genes in latently infected B cells. We have shown that mitotic hyperphosphorylation of EBNA2 suppresses its ability to transactivate the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promoter. In this follow-up study, we identify EBNA2 Ser243 as a phosphorylatio...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.4.2045-2050.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Despite the nutritional and health benefits of breast milk, breast milk can serve as a vector for mother-to-child HIV transmission. Most HIV-infected infants acquire HIV through breastfeeding. Paradoxically, most infants breastfed by HIV-positive women do not become infected. This is potentially attributed t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01702-15
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus with in vivo cell tropism primarily for tissue macrophages; however, in vitro the virus can be adapted to fibroblasts and other cell types. Tropism adaptation is associated with both envelope and long terminal repeat (LTR) changes, and findings strongly suggest tha...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.9.5653-5664.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate-limiting steps in infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) deficient in the viral infectivity factor, Vif, are unknown. As a measurement of completion of the early stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, the levels of viral DNA were examined by polymerase chain reaction amplification during infection ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.10.6322-6326.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) is a close relative of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8). RRV serves as an in vitro and an in vivo model for KSHV, and the mapping of its transcription program during lytic replication is significant since it represents de novo infection in the absence...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.19.9819-9831.2002
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA sequence analysis has revealed that the gene coding for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase is present within the long unique region of the virus genome. Identification is based on extensive amino acid homology between the predicted HCMV open reading frame HFLF2 and the DNA polymerase of herpes simplex...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.1.125-133.1987
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Due to a scarcity of immunocompetent animal models for viral hepatitis, little is known about the early innate immune responses in the liver. In various hepatotoxic models, both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of recruited monocytes have been described. In this study, we compared the effect of liver in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03733-14
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested triple and quadruple combinations of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which are directed against various epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins, and a high-titer anti-HIV-1 human immunoglobulin (HIVIG) preparation for their abilities to neutralize a chimeric si...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3235-3240.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have proposed that adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are not evolutionarily linked to other mammalian autonomous parvoviruses but are more closely linked to the autonomous parvoviruses of birds. To better understand the relationship between primate and avian AAVs (AAAVs), we cloned and sequenced the genom...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.12.6799-6810.2003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ICP0, one of the five immediate-early (IE) gene products of herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a potent activator of transcription. To assess the biological activities of ICP0 and to explore its mechanisms of action, two helper-independent recombinant adenoviruses were constructed. In each recombinant, the E1 region was s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.12.4544-4553.1988
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::African green monkeys can maintain long-term persistent infection with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVagm) without developing AIDS and thus provide an important model for understanding mechanisms of natural host resistance to disease. This study assessed the levels and anatomic distribution of SIVagm in healthy, ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.5.2262-2275.2001
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of resistance to host defense mechanisms such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and Fas-mediated apoptosis of transformed or virus-infected cells may be a critical component in the development of disease. To find genes that protect cells from apoptosis, we used an expression cloning strategy and identifi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.10.7509-7517.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Residual hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA can be detected in serum and liver after apparent recovery from transient infection. However, it is not known if this residual HBV DNA represents ongoing viral replication and antigen expression. In the current study, ducks inoculated with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were monitor...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.19.12242-12252.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance in Antarctica during 2013 revealed the prevalence of evolutionarily distinct influenza viruses of the H11N2 subtype in Adélie penguins. Here we present results from the continued surveillance of AIV on the Antarctic Peninsula during 2014 and 2015. In addition to the continued d...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01404-16
更新日期:2016-10-14 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV; Alphavirus; Togaviridae) are mosquito-borne pathogens causing central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans and equids. Adult CD-1 mice also develop CNS disease after infection with VEEV and WEEV. Adult CD-1 mice infected by the intranasal (...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03219-15
更新日期:2016-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::A ribonucleoprotein particle containing about 20% ribonucleic acid (RNA), and containing little if any phospholipid or glucosamine, was recovered in high yield after treatment of Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus and B77 virus with the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40. This structure, which probably derives f...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.10.5.1010-1020.1972
更新日期:1972-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::SE21Q1b, a Rous sarcoma virus mutant which packages cellular rather than viral RNA, is competent for infection of quail cells and can transmit defective transforming retrovirus genes. Stably transformed recipient clones have been obtained by using this mutant. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.38.1.380-382.1981
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane-containing extracts isolated from tobacco plants infected with the plus-strand RNA virus, potato virus X (PVX), supported synthesis of four major, high-molecular-weight PVX RNA products (R1 to R4). Nuclease digestion and hybridization studies indicated that R1 and R2 are a mixture of partially single-stranded...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.7.4795-4799.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we document that efficient interaction between arenavirus nucleoprotein (NP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the two trans-acting viral factors required for both virus RNA replication and gene transcription, requires the presence of virus-specific RNA sequences located within the untransla...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00103-15
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report, we describe some phenotypic properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and present data concerning the physical location and nucleotide sequence of the genomic region harboring the mutation. The effect of shifts from the permissive to the nonpermissive temperature on ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.5.2169-2179.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with various human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induces cervical cancers. Cell surface heparan sulfates (HS) have been shown to serve as primary attachment receptors, and molecules with structural similarity to cell surface HS, like heparin, function as competitive inhibitors of HPV infection. Here we demonstrate...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00998-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between virus-specific CD8(+)-T-cell responses and viral persistence was studied in mice by using Hantaan virus (HTNV). We first established a simple method for measuring levels of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells by flow cytometry. Next, to produce a mouse model of persistent HTNV infection, newborn mic...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.15.8408-8417.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potyviruses express most of their proteins from a long open reading frame that is translated into a large polyprotein processed by three viral proteases. To understand the constraints on potyvirus genome organization, we relocated the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) cistron to all possible intercistronic posi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03336-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00