Abstract:
:Risk assessments are enhanced when policy and other decision-makers have access to experimental science designed to specifically inform key policy questions. Currently, our scientific understanding and science policy for environmental mixtures are based largely on extrapolating from and combining data in the observable range of single chemical toxicity to lower environmental concentrations and composition, i.e., using higher dose data to extrapolate and predict lower dose toxicity. There is a growing consensus that the default assumptions underlying those mixtures risk assessments that are conducted in the absence of actual mixtures data rest on an inadequate scientific database. Future scientific research should both build upon the current science and advance toxicology into largely uncharted territory. More precise approaches to better characterize toxicity of mixtures are needed. The Society of Toxicology (SOT) sponsored a series of panels, seminars, and workshops to help catalyze and improve the design and conduct of experimental toxicological research to better inform risk assessors and decision makers. This paper summarizes the activities of the SOT Mixtures Program and serves as the introductory paper to a series of articles in this issue, which hope to inspire innovative research and challenge the status quo.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Mason AM,Borgert CJ,Bus JS,Moiz Mumtaz M,Simmons JE,Sipes IG,SOT Mixtures Task Force.doi
10.1016/j.taap.2007.02.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
99-103issue
2eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(07)00083-Xjournal_volume
223pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::For highly water soluble and reactive gases, such as formaldehyde, the reported distribution of nasal lesions in rats and rhesus monkeys following inhalation exposure may be attributable, at least in part, to regional gas uptake patterns that are a consequence of nasal airflow characteristics. Inspiratory nasal airflo...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(05)80005-5
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) activate neutrophils to induce degranulation and undergo superoxide production through a mechanism that involves stimulation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Since the biochemical processes leading to the PCB-induced activation of this enzyme are unknown, the objective of this study was...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1999.8827
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study defines a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model for methyleugenol (ME) in human based on in vitro and in silico derived parameters. With the model obtained, bioactivation and detoxification of methyleugenol (ME) at different doses levels could be investigated. The outcomes of the current model were comp...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.005
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE (3-MeSO(2)-DDE) has been proposed as a lead compound for an improved adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) treatment. ACC is a rare malignant disorder with poor prognosis, and the current pharmacological therapy o,p'-DDD (mitotane) has limited efficacy and causes severe adverse effects...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.018
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immobilization of nanoparticles on inorganic supports has been recently developed, resulting in the creation of nanocomposites. Concerning titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs1), these have already been developed in conjugation with clays, but so far there are no available toxicological studies on these nanocompos...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.018
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nickel (Ni) carcinogenesis is thought to involve gene chip silencing by epigenetic mechanisms. Serpina3g, a member of the mouse serpin family, was among the most down-regulated genes (32-fold) in response to Ni exposure of mouse cells based on the Affymetrix gene chip. Serpina3g down-regulation was controlled by a hyp...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.011
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalation of asbestos may activate the pulmonary endothelium to promote an inflammatory cell phenotype that participates in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about the effects of asbestos on endothelial cell function. Therefore, endothelial cells were exposed to chrysotile and crocidolit...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0143
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects induced by phylloquinone (Vitamin K1; VK1). Vascular reactivity experiments, using standard muscle bath procedures, showed that VK1 (5 and 50 microM) enhances the contractile response of endothelium-intact, but not denuded, rat carotid rings to phe...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.09.001
更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Para-quinones such as 1,4-Benzoquinone (BQ) and menadione (MD) and ortho-quinones including the oxidation products of catecholamines, are derived from xenobiotics as well as endogenous molecules. The effects of quinones on major protein handling systems in cells; the 20/26S proteasome, the ER stress response, autophag...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.014
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Herb-drug interaction strongly limits the clinical application of herbs and drugs, and the inhibition of herbal components towards important drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been regarded as one of the most important reasons. The present study aims to investigate the inhibition potential of andrographolide derivat...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.021
更新日期:2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is commonly used both in vivo and in vitro as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activity in a wide variety of species, the effect of PBO on the hepatic MO of fishes has never been characterized. The MO activity in hepatic microsomes from rainbow trout expos...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90331-6
更新日期:1988-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Improvement of COVID-19 clinical condition was seen in studies where combination of antiretroviral drugs, lopinavir and ritonavir, as well as immunomodulant antimalaric, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine together with the macrolide-type antibiotic, azithromycin, was used for patient's treatment. Although these drugs are ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.115237
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During international peace-keeping missions, a diverse number of non-battle hazards may be encountered, which range from heavily polluted areas, endemic disease, toxic industrial materials, local violence, traffic, and even psychological factors. Hence, elevated risk levels from a variety of sources are encountered du...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.016
更新日期:2008-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disruptor, it influences various organ systems in human beings and experimental animals. DEHP reduced the serum testosterone and increased the blood glucose, estradiol, T(3) and T(4) in rats. However, the effect of DEHP on insulin signaling and glucose oxidation in skelet...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.022
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanotechnology has the potential to make a beneficial impact on several agricultural, forestry, and environmental challenges, such as urbanization, energy constraints, and sustainable use of resources. However, new environmental and human health hazards may emerge from nano-enhanced applications. This raises concerns ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.025
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The goodness of fit of three PBPK models to data for inhalation uptake of 1,3-butadiene by mice from closed chambers were compared. These models included a classical flow-limited model with blood consolidated into arterial and venous compartments, a flow-limited model with implicit blood and alveolar compartments, and...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1997.8289
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component in tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins, and exhibits potential antitumor activity against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. We investigated the effects of EGCG on activities of CRC cells and the exact mol...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.115100
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE), a widely used chlorocarbon solvent, on the metabolism and activation of [14C]-vinyl chloride in rat hepatic microsomes was investigated to determine the effects of combined exposures to these compounds. In microsomes from phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats, TCE increased vi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1039
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Piperazine, a secondary amine widely used as an anthelmintic drug, nitrosates rapidly in vitro to form two N-nitrosamines. Anhydrous piperazine and a drug formulation were found to have a content of 0.2 to 20 micrograms of the suspected carcinogen N-mononitrosopiperazine per gram piperazine, but no detectable amounts ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(85)90075-4
更新日期:1985-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of high protein dietary regimens prior to the administration of inorganic mercury were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed on purified test diets containing either normal (20%) or high (60%) concentrations of protein. Mercury was administered as a single intravenous injection of mercuric c...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90190-6
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunoreactivity and pharmacokinetics of a new horse F(ab')2 scorpion antivenom and its effect on Buthus occitanus mardochei venom plasma disposition in the rabbit were studied. The scorpion venom-specific F(ab')2 affinity constant determined by immunoradiometric assay was 1.6 +/- 0.6 10(8) M-1. One group received...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0284
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gold compounds are used clinically in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Acute renal toxicity is observed in some patients receiving chrysotherapy. The present study addresses morphofunctional and biochemical changes in rat kidneys during the first 8 days following a single ip injection of gold sodium thiomalate (AuTM), on...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(87)90100-1
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the liver of C57BL/6J mice is a model for clinical sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). There is massive uroporphyria, inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) activity, and hepatocellular damage. A variety of evidence implicates the CYP1A2 enzy...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9167
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CAsE-PE cells are an arsenic-transformed, human prostate epithelial line containing oncogenic mutations in KRAS compared to immortalized, normal KRAS parent cells, RWPE-1. We previously reported increased copy number of mutated KRAS in CAsE-PE cells, suggesting gene amplification. Here, KRAS flanking genomic and trans...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.115017
更新日期:2020-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of toxicovigilance encompasses the active detection, validation and follow-up of clinical adverse events related to toxic exposures in human beings. Poison centers are key players in this function as poisoning statistics are essential to define the cause, incidence and severity of poisonings occurring in t...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.019
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) and pesticide rotenone were considered as potential environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether and how UFPs alone and in combination with rotenone affect the pathogenesis of PD remains largely unknown. METHODS:Ultrafine carbon black (ufCB...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.005
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We use a stochastic model describing initiation and clonal growth of altered cells to analyze data from an initiation-promotion hepatocarcinogenesis experiment in female Wistar rats. Starting at 7 weeks of age, the animals were treated for 10 days with the initiating agent diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 10 mg/kg body wt per...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.8980
更新日期:2000-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of methanol and formate were characterized in male Fischer-344 rats and rhesus monkeys exposed to methanol vapor concentrations between 50 and 2000 ppm for 6 hr. End-of-exposure blood methanol concentrations were not directly proportional to the atmospheric concentration. The methanol exposures di...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90213-c
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The issue of Elongated Mineral Particles (EMP) in building materials has been revealed during roadworks in 2013 in France. In fact, road coating aggregates are made of specific rock gravels that can contain Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA), which is mainly actinolite. The legislation refers to six regulatory asbesto...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.027
更新日期:2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the cytotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation is mediated by radical-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Cellular protection from free radicals can be stimulated several fold by sulforaphane-mediated activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 that regulates more than 50 genes involved in the detoxification of ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.013
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00