Abstract：
:Many neurophysiological experiments involving monkeys require that the head be stabilized while the animal performs a task. Often a post is attached to the skull to accomplish this goal, using a headcap formed from dental acrylic. We describe a new headpost, developed by refinement of several prototypes, and supply an AutoCAD file to aid in machine shop production. This headpost is fabricated from a single piece of commercially pure titanium. It has a footplate consisting of four limbs arranged in the configuration of a "K." These are bent during surgery to match the curvature of the skull and attached with specialized titanium bone screws. Headposts were implanted in seven rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 2 yr to adult. None has been rejected after up to 17 mo of regular use. They require little or no daily toilette and create only a 0.80-cm(2) defect in the scalp. Computed tomography after implantation showed that the skull undergoes remodeling to embed the footplate in bone. This finding was confirmed by necropsy in two subjects. The outer table of the skull had grown over the titanium footplate, whereas the inner table had thickened to bury the tips of the titanium screws. The remarkable strength of the skull/implant bond was demonstrated by applying increasing amounts of torque to the headpost. At 26.3 Nm, the headpost tore from its metal footplate, but no screws came loose. The excellent performance of this implant is explained by integration of biocompatible titanium into remodeled bone tissue. The headpost is simpler to implant, more securely anchored, easier to maintain, and less obtrusive than devices attached with acrylic.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Adams DL,Economides JR,Jocson CM,Horton JCdoi
10.1152/jn.00102.2007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-08-01 00:00:00pages
993-1001issue
2eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
00102.2007journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The primate superior colliculus (SC) is causally involved in microsaccade generation. Moreover, visually responsive SC neurons across this structure's topographic map, even at peripheral eccentricities much larger than the tiny microsaccade amplitudes, exhibit significant modulations of evoked response sensitivity whe...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00077.2020
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We introduce a new method to unveil the network connectivity among dozens of neurons in brain slice preparations. While synaptic inputs were whole cell recorded from given postsynaptic neurons, the spatiotemporal firing patterns of presynaptic neuron candidates were monitored en masse with functional multineuron calci...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00012.2009
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of feedback from large-diameter sensory fibers to the adaptation of soleus muscle activity after small ankle trajectory modifications during human walking. Small-amplitude and slow-velocity ankle dorsiflexion enhancements and reductions were applied during the ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.01071.2004
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on kinematic properties and distinct substrates, there are different classes of eyelid movement described as eyeblinks. We investigate whether the eyelid movements made in response to a conditioned stimulus (CS) are a category of eyelid movements distinct from blinks. Human subjects received 60 trials of classic...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00631.2009
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral denervation has been shown to cause reorganization of the deafferented somatotopic region in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, the basic mechanisms that underlie reorganization are not well understood. In the experiments described in this paper, a novel in vivo/in vitro preparation of adult rat S1...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00994.2001
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is considerable research on the neurobiological mechanisms within the hippocampal system that support spatial navigation. In this article I review the literature on navigational strategies in humans and animals, observations on hippocampal function in navigation, and studies of hippocampal neural activity in ani...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1152/jn.00005.2017
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this study were 1) to probe the effects of visual motion adaptation on early visual and V5/MT cortical excitability and 2) to investigate whether changes in cortical excitability following visual motion adaptation are related to the degree of visual dependency, i.e., an overreliance on visual cues co...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00655.2016
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During auditory stimulation with several frequency components, distortion products (DPs) are generated as byproduct of nonlinear cochlear amplification. After generated, DP energy is reemitted into the ear channel where it can be measured as DP otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and it also induces an excitatory response a...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.90805.2008
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in saccade target selection in rhesus monkeys who were trained to perform a direction-discrimination task. In this task, the monkey discriminated between opposed directions of visual motion and indicated its judgment by making a saccadic eye movement to one of t...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2527
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper investigates the sensory-driven modulations of central pattern generator dynamics that can be expected to reproduce human behavior during rhythmic hybrid tasks. We propose a theoretical model of human sensorimotor behavior able to account for the observed data from the ball-bouncing task. The novel c...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00054.2017
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Itch is often triggered by warming the skin in patients with itchy dermatitis, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We presently investigated if warming the skin enhances histamine- or serotonin (5-HT)-evoked itch behavior or responses of sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, and if responses of superf...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00703.2016
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodents shift their nose from side to side when they actively explore and lateralize odors in the space. This motor action is driven by a pair of muscles, the deflector nasi. We studied the premotor control of this motion. We used replication-competent rabies virus to transsynaptically label inputs to the deflector na...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00608.2018
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. B31 and B32 are pattern-initiator neurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia. Along with the B61/B62 neurons, B31/B32 are also motor neurons that innervate the 12 buccal muscle via the I2 nerve. This research was aimed at determining the physiological functions of the B31/B32 and B61/B62 neurons, and of the I2 muscle...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1309
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The discharge patterns of 40 neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of the chinchilla were evaluated before and after acute cochlea trauma from intense tone exposure. Single-unit recordings were obtained from neurons in the ICC contralateral to the sound-stimulated ear. Cochlear trauma was ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.171
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a movement results in error, the nervous system amends the motor commands that generate the subsequent movement. Here we show that this adaptation depends not just on error, but also on passage of time between the two movements. We observed that subjects learned a reaching task faster, i.e., with fewer trials, wh...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.01281.2006
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a spatial population of cutaneous, Adelta, and C mechano-nociceptors to encode the location and intensity of a noxious, cutaneous indentation was examined using an isolated preparation in a rat model. Skin and its intact innervation were harvested from the medial thigh of the rat hindlimb and placed in ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.3049
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cannabinoid receptor CB1 is found in abundance in brain neurons, whereas CB2 is essentially expressed outside the brain. In the neocortex, CB1 is observed predominantly on large cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing interneurons. However, physiological evidence suggests that functional CB1 are present on other neocorti...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00603.2006
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basal ganglia participate in motor functions and are implicated in the pathophysiology of movement disorders. It has been shown in primates that the activity of many neurons in one of the basal ganglia output nuclei, the internal segment of the globus pallidus, changes with active or passive movements. The involve...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.01180.2002
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary motor cortex (MI) commands motor output after kinematics are planned from goals, thought to occur in a larger premotor network. However, there is a growing body of evidence that MI is involved in processes beyond action generation, and neuronal subpopulations may perform computations related to cue-to-acti...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00274.2013
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. High-threshold Ca2+ currents were studied in large pyramidal cells acutely dissociated from the rat amygdaloid complex. L-, N-, and P-type currents were present in about equal proportions in these cells and accounted for most of the whole-cell current. ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.433
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular single-unit recordings were used to characterize responses of thalamic barreloid and cortical barrel neurons to controlled whisker deflections in 2, 3-, and 4-wk-old and adult rats in vivo under fentanyl analgesia. Results indicate that response properties of thalamic and cortical neurons diverge during ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.01063.2007
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The retinotopic organization of retinal inputs from the lateral eye of Limulus to the optic ganglia of the brain was determined from microelectrode recordings of nerve impulses. 2. The central connections of the natural subunits of the lateral optic nerve were determined using cobalt impregnation of cut axons. 3. C...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1982.48.2.505
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the influence of different modalities of target information (visual, kinesthetic) on the accuracy, kinematics, and interjoint coordination of pointing movements to remembered targets. The targets were presented by a robot arm in five locations in three-dimensional (3D) space, either as a point ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.2833
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We recorded single cell activities in the caudate nucleus of the monkeys trained to perform a series of visuomotor tasks. In the first part of this paper, we summarize the types and locations of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus. In the second part, we report the characteristics of neurons related to saccadic e...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1989.61.4.780
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The input-output and discharge properties of neurons are shaped by both passive and active electrophysiological membrane properties. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings in lamina I-III neurons in an isolated preparation of the whole spinal cord of juvenile rats with attached dorsal roots and dorsal root ganglia were use...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00187.2016
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine (DA) neurons and GABA neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) promote distinct functions in the control of movement and have different firing properties and action potential (AP) waveforms. APs recorded from DA and GABA neurons differed in amplitude, maximal rate of rise, and duration. In addition, the threshold...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00513.2009
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous calcium oscillations in mushroom bodies of late stage pupal and adult Drosophila brains have been implicated in memory consolidation during olfactory associative learning. This study explores the cellular mechanisms regulating calcium dynamics in Kenyon cells, principal neurons in mushroom bodies. Fura-2 i...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00096.2005
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanical actions of various ankle muscles were changed by surgically crossing or transferring the tendons in kittens. After the kittens grew to adults, both hindlimbs were implanted with multiple electromyogram (EMG) recording and cutaneous nerve stimulation electrodes to compare the activity of altered and norm...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3392
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. To characterize the temporal dynamic responses of ganglion cells and to define the possible inputs giving rise to their responses in catfish retina, we recorded the ganglion cell responses evoked by 1) a step of light presented in the dark, 2) an incremental and decremental step from a background illumination, and ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1307
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Responses of single units and multiunit clusters were recorded in the ferret primary auditory cortex (AI) with the use of broadband complex dynamic spectra. Previous work has demonstrated that simpler spectra consisting of single moving ripples (i.e., sinusoidally modulated spectral profiles that travel at a consta...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3524
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
