Abstract：
:This article will review the cellular constituents of the macula and speculate on their contribution to the pathogenesis of macular disease. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated in senile macular degeneration (SMD). Over time, RPE dysfunction and death may result from the cumulative effect of light and free radical damage. Inherited metabolic abnormalities or the degree of uveal pigmentation could increase the RPE's susceptibility to environmental stress. In exudative SMD, the excessive production of extracellular matrix material by the RPE may contribute to sub-RPE neovascularization and disciform scar formation. Macular edema reflects a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier. Inflammatory mediators produced in the anterior segment may cause aphakic cystoid macular edema (CME). Recent observations suggest that Müller cell dysfunction is important in CME. Vascular incompetence, as well as capillary occlusion characterize diabetic retinopathy. Angiogenic factors elaborated by ischemic retina are thought to be the stimulus for neovascularization. Diabetic tractional macular detachment results from neovascular proliferation on the partially detached vitreous. Posterior vitreous detachment predisposes to epiretinal gliosis. Endogenous infections and metastatic neoplasms have a predilection for the macula, reflecting the region's high blood flow.
journal_name
Ophthalmologyjournal_title
Ophthalmologyauthors
Eagle RC Jrdoi
10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34259-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-06-01 00:00:00pages
613-25issue
6eissn
0161-6420issn
1549-4713pii
S0161-6420(84)34259-2journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OPHTHALMOLOGY文献大全abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the association of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) with Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD). DESIGN:Prospective, monocenter, cross-sectional case series. SUBJECTS:Sixteen patients of 4 unrelated families with SFD caused by mutations in TIMP3. METHODS:All subjects underwent multimodal imaging including ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.04.035
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To report the 4-year outcomes of corneal cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus in a population of different age groups. DESIGN:Retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized clinical study. PARTICIPANTS:Four hundred consecutive eyes treated with corneal CXL for progressive keratoconus from April 2006 t...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.023
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Superior oblique palsy is the most frequent isolated cranial nerve palsy seen in strabismus practice. It is traditionally diagnosed according to etiology as acquired, congenital, or idiopathic, but surgical treatment is based on deviation not etiology. Observations at surgery led to speculation that the supe...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31759-2
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To recognize discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) as a treatable cause of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. DESIGN:Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS:Records of 5 patients with biopsy-proven DLE were reviewed. METHODS:Clinical and pathology records were examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Patients...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.035
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between April 1986 and April 1989, the authors conducted a prospective study of the use of open-loop anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC IOLs) in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy or monocular aphakic bullous keratopathy. All patients underwent the same operation--a ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32513-7
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate safety and efficacy of an intracorneal inlay for the correction of hyperopia. DESIGN:A prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative, 2-center study. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-four hyperopic eyes were implanted with a hydrogel intracorneal inlay (Permavision, Anamed, Lake Forest, CA). Preoperative hyperopi...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.019
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the nature of retinal inflammatory response in rd10 mice, an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and to investigate the effect of an antioxidant on retinal inflammation and photoreceptor apoptosis. DESIGN:Experimental study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS:This study included 42 untreated rd10 mice,...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.07.008
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Newer treatment regimens for age-related macular degeneration have significantly affected traditional and non-traditional retinal services across all types of practice settings around the country as they seek to find a balance among delivering best patient care, keeping operating costs under control, and main...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.04.035
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is a major cause of visual impairment in young adults that is characterized by selective retinal ganglion cell loss. To define the prevalence and natural history of this optic nerve disorder, we performed a population-based epidemiologic and molecular study of presumed DOA...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.12.038
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of the study is to delineate the visual prognosticators in sarcoid-associated uveitis given the current standards of care. METHODS:The records of 60 patients with sarcoid-associated uveitis who were observed for at least 6 months were studied retrospectively. Multivariate regression models using th...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30417-x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixty consecutive eyes that met the standard criteria for cataract surgery underwent phacoemulsification with insertion of a posterior chamber lens implant. The filtration angle of each eye was examined with routine postoperative gonioscopy in a prospective manner. Peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) overlying the posi...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32564-2
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Enhanced Vision Screening Program is a population-based vision screening program that has, at present, examined 59,782 children. Its main goal is to detect amblyopia, strabismus, and high refractive errors. An average of 11,910 4 1/2- to 5 1/2-year-old children are screened yearly. The current study dete...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31865-2
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors evaluated a series of 145 consecutive patients with metastases from uveal melanoma, after proton beam irradiation, to assess the effect of early diagnosis and treatment for metastases on survival. Metastases were diagnosed between 7 weeks and 8.3 years (median, 2.4 years) after proton beam irradiation. Mos...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32285-1
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the safety and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of once-daily travoprost (0.0015% and 0.004%) to twice-daily timolol 0.5%. DESIGN:Prospective, 6-month, randomized, controlled, multicenter, double-masked, phase III study. PARTICIPANTS:Six hundred five patients with open-angle glaucoma ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01010-2
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Herpes zoster has been associated with immune suppression, as has an increased risk of cancer. This population-based follow-up study aimed to investigate the risk of a subsequent cancer diagnosis after herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). DESIGN:A retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS:Retrospecti...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.008
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the increase in isopter extent, resulting from the measurement of, and correction for, individual reaction time (RT; the latency between stimulus presentation and individual patient response), derived under the standardized conditions of semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP), and to model the age-...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.030
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The goal of the study was to assess the affect of early surgical resection of capillary hemangiomas on the induced astigmatism of infants. DESIGN:Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS:Three infants younger than 9 months of age are included. INTERVENTION:Total resection of the astigmatism-inducing hemangiomas was perf...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30178-x
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of resident participation in cataract surgery on operative time and cost. DESIGN:Retrospective chart review. PARTICIPANTS:All patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery by an attending or resident surgeon of the Penn State Hershey Eye Center between July 1, 2004, a...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.026
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the clinical outcomes after implantation of the MyoRing (DIOPTEX GmBH, Linz, Austria) by means of femtosecond laser technology in eyes with corneal ectasia. DESIGN:Retrospective, consecutive, nonrandomized, case series. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 12 eyes of 11 patients with ages ranging from 17 to 50...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.012
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To report the first case of gaze-evoked amaurosis secondary to an intraocular foreign body and to highlight the characteristic clinical findings of patients with this symptom. DESIGN:Case report and review of the literature. METHODS:Case review, clinical history, electrophysiologic testing, and follow-up. ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00433-4
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occlusion of retinal precapillary arterioles may be related to vascular endothelial damage, embolization, vasculitis, and other factors. Following acute retinal precapillary arteriolar occlusion in the macular area, inhibition of axoplasmic transport results in the formation of cotton-wool patches. A variable loss of ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34538-3
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the prevalence of fundus tessellation and its associated factors. DESIGN:Population-based study. PARTICIPANTS:The Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6±9.8 years (range, 50-93 years). METHODS:Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. By using...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.031
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate treatment of juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma with plaque radiotherapy and to investigate the role of supplemental transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). DESIGN:Retrospective, comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS:We included 650 consecutive eyes with juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma within 1 mm of...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.06.007
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the study was to determine the predictors of success and evaluate the use of perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene as an intraoperative and postoperative tool in the management of giant retinal tears in a multicentered collaborative study. DESIGN:Multicentered prospective case series. PARTICIPANTS:Tw...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30168-7
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate agreement between fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results for diagnosis of macular edema in patients with uveitis. DESIGN:Multicenter cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS:Four hundred seventy-nine eyes with uveitis from 255 patients. METHODS:The macular status...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.069
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of a second year of pegaptanib sodium therapy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN:Two concurrent, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled studies (V.I.S.I.O.N. [Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition Study in Ocular Neova...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.064
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of the caregivers of children with cataracts who were visually rehabilitated with contact lenses. PARTICIPANTS:One hundred twenty-three caregivers of children <8.1 years old treated for unilateral and bilateral cataracts at one pediatric hospital. DESI...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01557-9
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asymptomatic hyperdeviation (HD) in peripheral gaze may be caused by muscle paresis, restrictive orbital diseases, cranial neuropathy, or skew deviation. The authors suspected that this finding was often physiologic and therefore examined 61 normal subjects with the Maddox rod. Forty-seven of 61 patients (77%) showed ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(88)33108-8
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This report summarizes the authors' 2-year experience with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on 160 eyes of 128 patients. METHODS:All eyes were treated with an excimer laser: fluence, 160 mJ/cm2; frequency, 5 Hz; ablation zone diameter, 5.0 to 5.5 mm; and depth per pulse, 0.21 to 0.27 microns. A ...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31560-5
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To report cases of Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) exacerbated by LASIK for myopia. DESIGN:Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series and review of the literature. PARTICIPANTS:Seven patients. INTERVENTION:Six patients with exacerbation of granular corneal deposits after LASIK were examined...
journal_title：Ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.06.026
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
