Abstract:
:The human brain may be regarded as an irreversible system which is constrained by a fixed inflow of free energy in the form of chemical nourishment from within the body and information from the environment. The evolution of the internal spontaneous process may be described as a path on the saddle surface of entropy production rate in the configuration space of the process variables. From any initial state of high entropy production the system evolves towards the saddle point by a series of regessions to temporary minima alternating with fluctuations which introduce new internal constraints and open new channels for regression. The spontaneous regression steps of the process are to be associated with the learning process and the deductive processes of thought since information is necessarily being stored, whereas the fluctuation or nucleation steps are to be associated with the inductive or creative part of the thought process. The state of consciousness is to be associated with the system undergoing regression. If, under certain boundary conditions, the system attains the stable saddle point, a state of unconsciousness is attained in which no change of state variables occurs in time. The stability of this state is indicated by its resistance to perturbation.
journal_name
Biophys Jjournal_title
Biophysical journalauthors
Kirkaldy JSdoi
10.1016/S0006-3495(65)86763-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1965-11-01 00:00:00pages
981-6issue
6eissn
0006-3495issn
1542-0086pii
S0006-3495(65)86763-7journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mislocalization and aggregation of the huntingtin protein are related to Huntington's disease. Its first exon-more specifically the first 17 amino acids (Htt17)-is crucial for the physiological and pathological functions of huntingtin. It regulates huntingtin's activity through posttranslational modifications and serv...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2015.02.001
更新日期:2015-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::The quantitation of human granulocyte movement using a stochastic differential equation is described. The method has the potential to distinguish both positive and negative chemotaxis. Analysis and information concerning cell movements can be obtained for any point in time and distance for the duration of the experime...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(76)85685-8
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elastic theory of flexural waves in thin rods accurately predicts the velocity of flagellar bending waves over a wide range of viscosities. This shows that flagella behave as a purely mechanical system for the transmission of these waves. An evaluation of the total bending moment reveals that this moment occurs in...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(71)86227-6
更新日期:1971-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective permeability to monovalent metal cations, as well as the relationship between cation permeation and gating kinetics, was investigated for native tetrodotoxin-insensitive Na-channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. By the measurement of inward unidirectional ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77031-1
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rat mesenteric arteries, smooth muscle cells exhibit intercellular calcium waves in response to local phenylephrine stimulation. These waves have a velocity of approximately 20 cells/s and a range of approximately 80 cells. We analyze these waves in a theoretical model of a population of coupled smooth muscle cells...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.031
更新日期:2010-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Frog skeletal muscle fibers, mechanically skinned under water-saturated silicone oil, swell upon transfer to aqueous relaxing medium (60 mM KCl; 3 mM MgCl(2); 3 mM ATP; 4 mM EGTA; 20 mM Tris maleate; pH = 7.0; ionic strength 0.15 M). Their cross-sectional areas, estimated with an elliptical approximation, increase 2.3...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(77)85573-2
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We accelerate protein folding in all-atom molecular dynamics simulations by introducing alternating hydrogen bond potentials as a supplement to the force field. The alternating hydrogen bond potentials result in accelerated hydrogen bond reordering, which leads to rapid formation of secondary structure elements. The m...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.122192
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the amino acid residues surrounding the flavin ring in the flavodoxin of the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 on the electron spin density distribution of the flavin semiquinone was examined in mutants of the key residues Trp(57) and Tyr(94) at the FMN binding site. Neutral semiquinone radicals of the...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77017-7
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alamethicin and its analogs from cation selective, multi-conductance channels in lipid bilayers. The conductance levels have been thought to be due to a barrel-stave structure where conducting pores (barrels) are formed by the self-assembly of a variable number of alpha-helical rods (staves). The conductance transitio...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80784-2
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polymorphic phase behavior of bovine heart cardiolipin (CL) in the presence of different divalent cations and the kinetics of CL vesicle fusion induced by these cations have been investigated. (31)P-NMR measurements of equilibrium cation-CL complexes showed the lamellar-to-hexagonal (L(alpha)-H(II)) transition tem...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77041-4
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathway to membrane fusion in synthetic and biological systems is thought to pass through hemifusion, in which the outer leaflets are fused while the inner leaflets engage in a hemifusion diaphragm (HD). Fusion has been proposed to be completed by lysis of the expanded HD that matures from a localized stalklike in...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.06.041
更新日期:2012-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Dipole moment, enthalpy, and entropy changes were calculated for hypothetical structural units which control the opening and closing of ionic channels in axon membranes. The changes of these thermodynamic functions were calculated both for activation (transition to intermediate complex) and for the structural transfor...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85815-2
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most, but not all, ion channels appear to obey the law of microscopic reversibility (or detailed balance). During the fitting of reaction mechanisms it is therefore often required that cycles in the mechanism should obey microscopic reversibility at all times. In complex reaction mechanisms, especially those that cont...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.103.038679
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new Fourier series representation of supercoiled DNA is employed in Langevin dynamics simulations to study large-scale configurational motions of intermediate-length chains. The polymer is modeled as an ideal elastic rod subject to long-range van der Waals' interactions. The van der Waals' term prevents the self-con...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78205-5
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental approaches such as fiber diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction have defined regulatory positions of tropomyosin on actin but have not, as yet, succeeded at determining key atomic-level contacts between these proteins or fully substantiated the dynamics of their interactions at a structur...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.017
更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Adsorption of lambda-phage on sensitive bacteria Escherichia coli is a classical problem but not all issues have been resolved. One of the outstanding problems is the rate of adsorption, which in some cases appears to exceed the theoretical limit imposed by the law of random diffusion. We revisit this problem by condu...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.102962
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of the unusually long (∼100 amino-acid residues) N-terminal domain of the light-harvesting protein CP29 of plants is not defined in the crystal structure of this membrane protein. We studied the N-terminus using two electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) approaches: the rotational diffusion of spin labels...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4506
更新日期:2014-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Photoinduced electron transfer in photosystem I (PS I) proceeds from the excited primary electron donor P700 (a chlorophyll a dimer) via the primary acceptor A0 (chlorophyll a) and the secondary acceptor A1 (phylloquinone) to three [4Fe-4S] clusters, Fx, FA, and FB. Prereduction of the iron-sulfur clusters blocks elec...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)78023-3
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel combined approach of molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo simulations is developed to calculate various free-volume distributions as a function of position in a lipid bilayer membrane at 323 K. The model bilayer consists of 2 x 100 chain molecules with each chain molecule having 15 carbon segments and one h...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81156-1
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The S4 segments of voltage-gated sodium channels are important parts of the voltage-sensing elements of these proteins. Furthermore, the addition of the isolated S4 polypeptide to planar lipid bilayers results in stepwise increases of ion conductivity. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms of pore formation by ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77051-7
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of mitochondrial [Ca(2+)], [Ca(2+)](m), in the possible up-regulation of the NADH production rate during increased workload. Such up-regulation is necessary to support increased flux through the electron transport chain and increased ATP synthesis rates. Intact ca...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75194-1
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to reveal aspects of the mechanism of signal transduction by epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). The superpositions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) and an antibody fragment (29.1) to the carbohydrate extremity of...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75585-9
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::M2delta, one of the transmembrane segments of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is a 23-amino-acid peptide, frequently used as a model for peptide-membrane interactions. In this and the companion article we describe studies of M2delta-membrane interactions, using two different computational approaches. In the pres...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74785-7
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports the solid-state NMR spectroscopic characterization of the amino-proximate transmembrane domain (TM-A) of a diverged microsomal delta12-desaturase (CREP-1) in a phospholipid bilayer. A series of TM-A peptides were synthesized with 2H-labeled side chains (Ala-53, -56, and -63, Leu-62, Val-50), and the...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.067884
更新日期:2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is used to determine interactions and dissociation constants (K(d)s) of biomolecules. The determination of a K(d) depends on the accurate measurement of the auto- and cross-correlation function (ACF and CCF) amplitudes. In the case of complete binding, the ratio of th...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.040
更新日期:2012-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::The electric quadrupole moment of the deuterium nucleus provides a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe of electric field gradients, and thereby of organization of tissue water. 8-17% of H(2)O in rat muscle and brain was replaced by D(2)O from 50% deuterated drinking water. The peak height of the steady-state NMR sp...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(69)86388-5
更新日期:1969-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many organisms are able to survive subzero temperatures at which bodily fluids would normally be expected to freeze. These organisms have adapted to these lower temperatures by synthesizing antifreeze proteins (AFPs), capable of binding to ice, which make further growth of ice energetically unfavorable. To date, the s...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75821-3
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of single-pass transmembrane proteins that dimerize with G-protein-coupled receptors. They may alter the ligand recognition properties of the receptors (particularly for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR). Very little structural information is availabl...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.084582
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We introduce an intrinsically multiplexed and easy to implement method to apply an external force to a biomolecule and thus probe its interaction with a second biomolecule or, more generally, its environment (for example, the cell membrane). We take advantage of the hydrodynamic interaction with a controlled fluid flo...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.045
更新日期:2013-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The scattering and absorption coefficients of many homogeneous biological tissues such as muscle, skin, white matter in the brain, and dentin are often anisotropically oriented with respect to their bounding interface. In consequence the curves of equal intensity of re-emitted light on the surface of the slab will no ...
journal_title:Biophysical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1529/biophysj.104.058305
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00