Abstract:
:This paper summarizes the work of developing and analyzing a mathematical model of schizophrenia. First the psychological and physiological studies of patients with periodic catatonia made by R. R. Gjessing are briefly described. Then a mathematical model, which is based on Gjessing's work and consists of a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, is derived. Gjessing showed that there was a periodic change in the basal metabolic rate associated with a periodic change in the symptoms of catatonia. This suggests a study of the thyroid control system, and since the thyroid control system is a negative feedback system, previous engineering studies are followed and a system of ordinary differential equations is used as a model. The first such model was due to Danziger and Elmergreen, and their model and improvements of their model are described. Then the models are analyzed qualitatively and the mathematical results are interpreted medically. Solutions of the system of differential equations corresponding to a stable set of symptoms in the schizophrenic patients, solutions corresponding to periodic patterns of symptoms (periodic catatonia), and solutions corresponding to random or unpredictable patterns of symptoms are obtained. The model suggests that since certain parameters are varied, various types of solutions and hence various patterns of symptoms are obtained. There are a number of unresolved questions in this study, and these problems are discussed in detail as they arise.
journal_name
Neurol Resjournal_title
Neurological researchauthors
Cronin Jdoi
10.1080/01616412.1979.11739544subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-01-01 00:00:00pages
87-99issue
1eissn
0161-6412issn
1743-1328journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG), a main component extract from Cornus officinalis, on neurotrophin expression in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classical model of multiple sclerosis (MS). After EAE initiation, CIG was intr...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.2016.1200766
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive entry of Ca2+ into injured cochlear neurons activates various Ca(2+)-activated enzymes and subsequent spiral ganglion cell death. Therefore, preventing intracellular calcium overload by using Ca2+ channel antagonists may become an important countermeasure to spiral ganglion cell death. We experimentally inve...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164102101200889
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Natalizumab is a drug with documented efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The mechanism of action of natalizumab has immunosuppressive properties and it is not yet investigated if treatment with natalizumab affects the immunological response to vaccination. This study aims to investig...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1743132812Y.0000000059
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: To investigate the thrombolysis with recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) on thromboembolic stroke in rats at different therapeutic time windows (TTW). Methods: Rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion. RhPro-UK and positive control drugs rt-PA,UK were administered 3 h, 4.5 h, 6...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.2019.1672388
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia leads to the depletion of ATP. Hypoxanthine, a degradation product of ATP, can be salvaged by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and used to reform high-energy purines. Hypothermia conserves ATP in hypoxia-ischemia, possibly by preserving HPRT activity. We hypothesized t...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164105X49229
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background The distribution of risk factors for stroke is related to gender and age. The main objective of study was to determine the type and frequency of stroke risk factors in patients with first-in-life stroke before the age of 50. Methods Our study included patients under the age of 50 with first-in-life stroke. ...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.2018.1455367
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:It has been suggested that metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) could predict the onset of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to analyse, in patients with SAH, the difference between patients with MRI ischaemic infarcts and patients without, and to investigate the rol...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1743132815Y.0000000045
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We attempted to determine whether a functional polymorphism of TRPM6 (rs2274924) is associated with susceptibility to epilepsy following ischemic stroke, and to further explore the effect of this polymorphism on serum levels of Mg2+ in post-stroke patients. METHODS:We carried out a case-control study on 378...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.2019.1568755
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine, whether 0.5-2/min oscillations in intracranial pressure ('B-waves') are a physiological phenomenon. In a group of 5 patients 0.5-2/min oscillations of ventricular pressure simultaneous with oscillations in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity, as assessed by tran...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739891
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anatomical substrates of the perception of motion have not yet been established in a detailed way on an individual level. The aim of this study was to develop a systematic procedure for mapping the visual cortex using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). The results showed that such an individual and detailed ...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164102101199891
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study comprises scientific-theoretic fundamental investigations of laserneedle technology, a new and painless method of acupuncture stimulation. Laserneedles are not inserted in the skin, but are merely placed on the surface of the acupuncture point. The study documents the significant changes in peripheral micro...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1179/016164103101202237
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of long-term administration of fructose-added glycerol solution (Glyceol): 10% glycerol, 5% fructose, 0.9% sodium chloride; 600-2000 ml/d intravenously for 7-63 d) were evaluated in a multi-institutional trial involving 1346 cases. Improvement of the neurological signs and symptoms of elevated intracranial...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739901
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The craniocervical regions of seven cadavers (14 sides) injected with silicone rubber were dissected under a Zeiss OPMI surgical microscope. The present study provides a detailed description of the suboccipital segment of the vertebral artery, with particular attention to its loops, branches, supporting osteofibrous s...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1998.11740507
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) has an increasing incidence and results in high morbidity and mortality. We review here the 10-year experience of a single institution and the literature regarding the treatment and major associations of cSDH. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed all cSDHs surgically treated f...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/1743132813Y.0000000166
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The study objectives are (1) to identify factors predicting the excellent visual recovery after transsphenoidal removal of pituitary tumors and (2) to describe the association of excellent visual recovery and early restoration of symmetry of the decompressed optic chiasm. METHODS:Thirty-five patients with v...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000407
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The syntheses of endothelin receptors A and B were previously shown to be upregulated in rat dorsal hippocampus after traumatic brain injury. Here we characterize endothelin receptor A and endothelin receptor B cellular distribution in hippocampus after permanent global brain ischemia and their possible asso...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164111X12881719352291
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment modalities for metastatic spine disease have significantly expanded over the last two decades. This expansion occurred in many different fields. Improvement in surgical techniques and instrumentation now allow the oncologic spine surgeons to effectively circumferentially decompress the neural elements withou...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000365
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been established that following injury to the central nervous system two types of damage take place, the initial insult and the secondary response to injury. This review will focus on the secondary molecular aspects of neurotrauma. These responses may be either deleterious or have protective effects upon the in...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1179/016164101101198343
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model, using differential equations, of heterosynaptic plasticity is proposed. The model is based on physiological studies of invertebrates in which nonspecific conditioning, such as sensitization and heterosynaptic inhibition, starts to be elucidated and behavioral studies of classical and instrumental...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1980.11739576
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-five years old patient suffering from acute stroke was treated by rTPA intravenously. TCD monitoring of both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was carried out simultaneously with administration of rTPA. Seven microemboli were found in right and four in left MCA. Duplex ultrasound, CT angiography and digital subtrac...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/174313208X289589
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to establish a robust set of motor tasks that could be used to functionally delineate the motor cortex with blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) at 3 T and produce precise functional maps for pre-operative planning and functional neurona...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164108X323753
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) is the most widely used tool to rate the severity and the stage of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mentation, behavior and mood (MBM) subscale of the UPDRS has received little investigation regarding its validity and sensitivity. Three items of this ...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164107X251772
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters to evaluate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the infarct core (IC) and ischemic penumbra (IP) in a rhesus transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. METHODS:Seven rhesus monkeys were used to construct the MCAO...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164110X12761752770177
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The object of the study was to evaluate brain tissue oxygenation (p(ti)O2) for intra-operative monitoring of critical ischemic events during early cerebral aneurysm surgery of the anterior circulation supplementary to somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). P(ti)O2 was continuously evaluated during surgery for an intr...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164102101200528
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has shown that unsaturated fatty acid components of model membrane phospholipids in vitro, damaged via a free radical mechanism, are protected by the presence of cholesterol in these membranes. The participation of these membrane lipids in the pathogenesis of traumatic injury to brain was studied in vivo...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1981.11739608
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (r. cereb. O2 satn.) was carried out continuously in 12 healthy subjects (mean age 35.2 +/- 4.4 years; range 26-41 years; 4 women, 8 men), prior to, during and following acupuncture. Measurements were obtained with the INVOS 3100 cerebral oximeter (Somanetics Corp., Tr...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1998.11740605
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::[15O]-water PET was performed on 12 patients with structural lesions for localization of the motor (n = 5), language (receptive and expressive; n = 6), and visual cortex (n = 1). All these patients underwent interactive image-guided surgery using an infrared digitizer and intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping ...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1997.11740867
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain tumours were induced by intracerebral inoculation of beagle puppies with Avian sarcoma virus (ASV) suspension. The inoculation produced solitary or multiple sarcomas in three dogs and intraventricular anaplastic gliomas in four dogs. At the time of the first tumour positive CT-control Iodine-125 seeds (activity ...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01616412.1984.11739685
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on microglial activation and the subsequent release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1-beta in the hippocampus in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS:At 30 weeks of age, diabetic (Zucker diabeti...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/1743132815Y.0000000015
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The feasibility of high resolution CT imaging for evaluating experimentally-induced brain tumors in rats was assessed. METHODS:The gliosarcoma cell line (9 L/lacZ) was inoculated in 34 male Fischer 344 rats and CT studies were performed prior to and at 4, 7, 9, 12 and 14 days post-tumor cell implantation. Br...
journal_title:Neurological research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1179/016164105X18250
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00