Arsenic-induced alteration in the expression of genes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract:

:Chronic exposure to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The present revision focuses on the effect of arsenic on tissues that participate directly in glucose homeostasis, integrating the most important published information about the impairment of the expression of genes related to type 2 diabetes by arsenic as one of the possible mechanisms by which it leads to the disease. Many factors are involved in the manner in which arsenic contributes to the occurrence of diabetes. The reviewed studies suggest that arsenic might increase the risk for type 2 diabetes via multiple mechanisms, affecting a cluster of regulated events, which in conjunction trigger the disease. Arsenic affects insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by modifying the expression of genes involved in insulin resistance and shifting away cells from differentiation to the proliferation pathway. In the liver arsenic disturbs glucose production, whereas in pancreatic beta-cells arsenic decreases insulin synthesis and secretion and reduces the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The consequences of these changes in gene expression include the reduction of insulin secretion, induction of oxidative stress in the pancreas, alteration of gluconeogenesis, abnormal proliferation and differentiation pattern of muscle and adipocytes as well as peripheral insulin resistance.

journal_name

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

authors

Díaz-Villaseñor A,Burns AL,Hiriart M,Cebrián ME,Ostrosky-Wegman P

doi

10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.019

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-12-01 00:00:00

pages

123-33

issue

2

eissn

0041-008X

issn

1096-0333

pii

S0041-008X(07)00380-8

journal_volume

225

pub_type

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