Abstract:
:An approximate formula for the UV Index (UVI) under cloud-free, unpolluted, low surface albedo conditions is: UVI approximately 12.5mu(o)(2.42)(Omega/300)(-1.23) where mu(o) is the cosine of the solar zenith angle and Omega is the total vertical ozone column (in Dobson Units, DU). The dependence on mu(o) and Omega is based on a simple physical model of biologically weighted atmospheric transmission in the UV-B and UV-A spectral bands, with coefficients tuned to a detailed radiative transfer model, and is accurate to 10% or better over 0-60 degrees and 200-400 DU. Other factors (clouds, haze, ground, etc.) mostly conserve this dependence and scale simply.
journal_name
Photochem Photobioljournal_title
Photochemistry and photobiologyauthors
Madronich Sdoi
10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00200.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
1537-8issue
6eissn
0031-8655issn
1751-1097pii
PHP200journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in the control of virtually all aspects of our behavior and physiology. Activated receptors catalyze nucleotide exchange in heterotrimeric G proteins (composed of alpha.GDP, beta and gamma subunits) on the inner surface of the cell membrane. The GPCR rhodopsin and the G...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00304.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of phosphorescence lifetimes using the Stern-Volmer equation is a reliable means of determining quencher concentration for a uniform sample. Methods of analysis for heterogeneous systems are based on the assumption that the excitation is produced by a momentary flash. This condition is an idealization because...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-Terthienyl photosensitizes single strand breaks in pBR322 DNA. Almost identical results were observed under oxygen and under argon. In the presence of oxygen, this DNA nicking was enhanced by histidine and was not affected by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or the antioxidant BHT. Although chemical damage to DNA...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03657.x
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodynamic treatment is often thought to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly induce killing; the nomenclature and phrases revolve around such notions of light-dependency. Few studies reference the possible existence of oxidation products formed in secondary reactions, which bear cytotoxicity competit...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12984
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodetection (PD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation are approaches to detect and treat dysplasia and early cancer in the gastrointestinal tract and in the urinary bladder. Because ALA-induced PPIX production is limited, we synthesized ALA es...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0481:naaepp>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sapphyrins and a series of related porphyrinoid macrocycles have been investigated as potential agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The effectiveness of the compounds was evaluated in vitro upon incubation with Leishmania tarentolae or L. panamensis amastigotes and promastigotes. Their effectiveness was also as...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01034.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) is a stress-inducible protein, which could be activated by various cellular stresses, such as hypothermia, hypoxia and UV irradiation. Our previous study indicated that UVB radiation (3 mJ cm-2 ) induces CIRP expression, which promotes keratinocytes growth, survival and eventu...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12981
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular beacons (MB) are becoming more common as sequence-selective detectors of nucleic acids. Although they can easily detect single-base mismatches, they have never been used to directly detect DNA or RNA damage. To measure the degree of ultraviolet (UV) light damage in oligonucleotides, we report a novel MB appr...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/2004-09-02-RA-301
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transport mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester (5-ALA-ME) have been studied in a human adenocarcinoma cell line (WiDr) by means of 14[C]-labeled 5-ALA-ME. The transport was found to be partly Na+ dependent, while the extracellular Cl- concentration did not affect the uptake. The transport of 5-ALA-ME i...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0164:aameto>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/2004-11-19-RN-375
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multichromophoric dyes for use in tumor imaging have been synthesized and photophysically characterized. Structurally, these dyes are dyads and triads that consist of one or two carotenoid polyenes covalently attached to hematoporphyrin (HP) or hematoporphyrin dimethyl ester (HPDME) moieties via ester linkages. The gr...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seminal discovery by James Cleaver of defective DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) opened up an ever-expanding field of DNA repair-related disorders. In addition, it put XP on the map and has led to improved diagnosis, care and management of affected patients. In the United Kingdom, we recently established a...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12301
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated whether the spectrum of p53 mutations in skin tumors induced in hairless SKH-hr1 mice by a solar simulator (290-400 nm) are similar to those found in skin tumors induced in C3H mice by UV radiation from unfiltered (250-400 nm) and Kodacel-filtered (290-400 nm) FS40 sunlamps. Analysis of ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(1998)067<0227:mihshm>2.3.co;2
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topical photodynamic therapy is used for a variety of malignant and pre-malignant skin disorders, including Bowen's Disease and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma. A haem precursor, typically 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), acting as a prodrug, is absorbed and converted by the haem biosynthetic pathway to photoactive proto...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1562/2004-08-23-IR-283
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several spectroscopic techniques (absorption, emission, transient absorption and differential scanning calorimetry--DSC) were used to investigate the deprotonation of dibucaine.HCl in a hydrophobic environment, and the interaction sites and mechanisms of the local anesthetic dibucaine.HCl on bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb08436.x
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is mounting that UV-B and UV-A radiation affect skin differently in responses as diverse as erythema and elastosis. We found in this study that collagen metabolism was also differentially affected. Albino hairless mice were irradiated with two UV-A sources: (1) UVASUN 3000 (340-400 nm) for cumulative exposure...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02011.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The photochemistry of Ru(bpy)(3)+2 in the presence of amines was investigated in water by laser flash photolysis. N,N'-Dimethylaniline and p-phenylenediamine quench the luminescent metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of the complex by an electron transfer reaction that produces the semireduced form Ru...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/2005-05-31-RA-558
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01787.x
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the photophysics and rotational diffusion of hydrophilic solute 7-(N, N'-diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-DCCA) in a room temperature ionic liquid methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([N1888 ][NTf2 ]). Comparison of activation energies of viscous flow and nonradiative de...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12472
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyenic systems are involved in light perception of numerous living organisms. Although a π-conjugated backbone is a common feature of all polyenes, their photophysics may vary. We provide a comparative quantum mechanical study of low-lying S1 and S2 excited states in short (3-5 double bonds) symmetric all-trans line...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12833
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Escherichia coli cells were irradiated by UVA in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or 2-thiouracil (S2Ura), two kinds of repair-deficient strains of recA- and uvrA- were killed more efficiently than the parental wild-type strain having normal repair capacities. In addition, these agents with UVA exposure gr...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01885.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Light signals trigger precise changes in gene expression networks that activate distinctive developmental programs in plants. The transcriptome is shaped at different stages, both by the regulation of gene expression and also by posttranscriptional mechanisms that alter the sequence or abundance of the transcripts gen...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/php.12762
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are controversial reports in the literature concerning the reactivity of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) with the redox probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH). By carefully preparing solutions in which (1)O(2) is quantitatively generated in the presence of DCFH, we were able to show that the formation rate of th...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00345.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaf discs, enclosed in a photoacoustic (PA) chamber, generate two types of PA gas-uptake signals under certain conditions. Type I is manifested by a severe signal decrease that develops slowly under very low-light intensity and often reaches negative values. It is partially reversed by low-intensity far-red light. Ty...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0593:licdao>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct irradiation of estrone aryl and methyl sulfonates in different organic solvents under nitrogen atmosphere was investigated under steady-state conditions. The estrone derivatives reacted efficiently through the photo-Fries rearrangement reaction involving [1;3]-sulfonyl migration providing the ortho-sulfonyl est...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.13272
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (PME), a dimethyl esterification of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), exhibits higher intracellular uptake into NPC/CNE2 cells, a poorly differentiated human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, than does PpIX. Phototoxicity studies reveal PME to be a more potent photosensitizer than is PpIX, at the earl...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0678:acopia>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Near-infrared spectroscopy has been used to quantify the composition of healthy female breast tissue in vivo. By collecting transillumination spectra in the wavelength range 680-1100 nm at 7-9 positions on the breasts of five female volunteers, an attempt was made to quantify the intra- and intersubject variability of...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00