The pulmonary circulation: the radiology of adaptation.

Abstract:

:In this George Simon Lecture, I have tried to present a simplistic yet philosophical approach to the physiological processes of adaptation of circulatory and respiratory function in response to pathophysiological challenge. The objective of the body is to achieve a normal ventilation-perfusion ratio of 1 in order to optimise blood-gas exchange in a wide variety of pathological conditions. It is all a question of the right ingredients (oxygen in atmospheric air and reduced haemoglobin in desaturated blood), in the right copious amounts (100 ml/s), in the right proportion (1:1) and in the right place (alveolar capillary membrane). In order to demonstrate the above concepts, a variety of well known conditions, congenital and acquired, have been discussed in the developing infant lung and the adult mature lung; some primarily cardiovascular, others primarily respiratory; some conditions resulting in permanent and others resulting in temporary and reversible major readjustments of the blood supply to the lung. The emphasis has been to illustrate that simple, unsophisticated radiological techniques may provide a substantial amount of valuable information concerning the remarkable capacity of the pulmonary circulation to adapt to varying physiological or pathological demands in order to conserve our precious respiratory resources. George Simon, like all good doctors, had a tremendous respect for the ability of the body to respond to these challenges. He always emphasised the important basic principles rather than fine minutiae. It is hoped that this lecture in his honour follows these principles which he preached so well.

journal_name

Clin Radiol

journal_title

Clinical radiology

authors

Grainger RG

doi

10.1016/s0009-9260(85)80092-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1985-03-01 00:00:00

pages

103-16

issue

2

eissn

0009-9260

issn

1365-229X

pii

S0009-9260(85)80092-1

journal_volume

36

pub_type

杂志文章
  • The clinical value of PERCIST to predict tumour response and prognosis of patients with oesophageal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

    abstract:AIM:To examine whether Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumours (PERCIST) is useful to predict tumour response and prognosis of patients with oesophageal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This multicentre retrospective study incl...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.132

    authors: Nakajo M,Kitajima K,Kaida H,Morita T,Minamimoto R,Ishibashi M,Yoshiura T

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pretreatment MRI features associated with diagnostic accuracy of post-treatment MRI after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

    abstract:AIM:To investigate whether pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are associated with diagnostic accuracy of post-treatment MRI for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:From January 2005 and December 201...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2018.02.008

    authors: Eun NL,Gweon HM,Son EJ,Youk JH,Kim JA

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00

  • COVID-19: looking beyond the peak. Challenges and tips for radiologists in follow-up of a novel patient cohort.

    abstract::As the coronavirus pandemic evolves, the focus of radiology departments has begun to change. The acute phase of imaging a new disease entity whilst rationalising radiology services in the face of lockdown has passed. Radiologists are now becoming familiar with the complications of COVID-19, particularly the lung paren...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.025

    authors: McStay R,Johnstone A,Hare SS,Jacob J,Nair A,Rodrigues JCL,Edey A,Robinson G

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • Outcome in patients undergoing unilateral uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids.

    abstract:AIMS:To evaluate patients undergoing uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids who, for technical reasons, underwent unilateral rather than bilateral embolization. PATIENTS:Prospective data were collected on 109 patients undergoing uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids. Of these, six underwen...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2003.08.005

    authors: Nicholson T

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Case report: the ultrasound and computed tomography appearance of mesenteric Castleman disease.

    abstract::Castleman disease is a rare, benign disorder characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue most commonly presenting as a solitary mediastinal mass. We discuss the radiological findings in a 10-year-old female child with a mesenteric Castleman tumour presenting with intermittent abdominal pain and a persistently el...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80578-1

    authors: Garber SJ,Shaw DG

    更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00

  • Intraparenchymal epidermoid cysts in the brain: diagnostic value of MR diffusion-weighted imaging.

    abstract:AIM:To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) maps in the diagnosis of intraparenchymal epidermoid cysts (ECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Six cases of histopathologically proven intraparenchymal ECs were studied. All patients were examined w...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2008.01.008

    authors: Hu XY,Hu CH,Fang XM,Cui L,Zhang QH

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the maxillary sinus: CT and MRI findings.

    abstract:AIM:To characterize the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) of the maxillary sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The imaging findings of eight patients with IMTs of the maxillary sinus were reviewed retrospectively. Of the eight patients, four ...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2012.08.002

    authors: Yuan XP,Li CX,Cao Y,Singh S,Zhong R

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Does inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis increase the diagnostic accuracy of the intravenous urogram in renal artery stenosis?

    abstract::Intravenous urography is the standard screening test for renovascular hypertension but there is a significant incidence of false negative and false positive results. In an attempt to improve the detection rate, indomethacin was administered orally to nine patients with renal artery stenosis (proven by arteriography an...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(81)80288-7

    authors: Carr D,Mackay A,Atkinson AB

    更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00

  • Prediction and clinical implications of portal vein/superior mesenteric vein invasion in patients with resected pancreatic head cancer: the significance of preoperative CT parameters.

    abstract:AIM:To determine the preoperative computed tomography (CT) parameters that predict portal vein/superior mesenteric vein (PV-SMV) invasion in patients with pancreatic head cancer, and to assess whether PV-SMV invasion affects patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixty patients with PV-SMV invasion, and 60 randomly s...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2018.01.016

    authors: Kim M,Kang TW,Cha DI,Kim YK,Kim SH,Jang KT,Han IW,Sohn I

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • The radiology of Askin tumours.

    abstract::The Askin tumour is a highly malignant primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the chest wall occurring in children and young adults. We describe three cases to illustrate the clinical and radiological aspects of this tumour, which are not well documented. Patients present with a chest wall mass, pain and constitut...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80348-4

    authors: Saifuddin A,Robertson RJ,Smith SE

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Incidental extra-mammary findings in breast MRI.

    abstract:AIM:To investigate the frequency, distribution, and nature of incidental extra-mammary findings detected with breast MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Incidental findings were defined as unexpected lesions outside the breast, not previously known or suspected at the time of referral. Five hundred consecutive breast MRI studi...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2015.01.003

    authors: Alduk AM,Prutki M,Stern-Padovan R

    更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00

  • Sacral arachnoid diverticula.

    abstract::Three cases of sacral arachnoid diverticula causing bony erosion are described. Two of these filled with contrast medium after the initial myelogram was completed, and were only apparent on delayed CT. ...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(88)80279-4

    authors: Sampson MA,Bull MJ,Nakielny RA

    更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00

  • Evolving imaging techniques for staging axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.

    abstract::The presence and extent of axillary nodal metastases at the time of breast cancer diagnosis is a critical factor in disease prognosis and plays a central role in deciding the best treatment for patients. Accurate assessment of the axilla is therefore an essential component in staging breast cancer. Over the years, axi...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2018.01.003

    authors: Lowes S,Leaver A,Cox K,Satchithananda K,Cosgrove D,Lim A

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Subjective experiences of magnetic resonance imaging.

    abstract::Clinical experience with the new technology of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has indicated that the procedure may produce anxiety in a number of patients, to the extent that occasionally a patient may be unwilling to undergo the procedure. A study of patients' subjective experiences of MRI was therefore conducted a...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81665-4

    authors: Thorp D,Owens RG,Whitehouse G,Dewey ME

    更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00

  • Gall-bladder and colonic opacification following parenteral ioxaglate.

    abstract::Of 50 successive in-patients with normal blood urea levels who received ioxaglate (Hexabrix 320; May & Baker Ltd), 60% showed gall-bladder opacification 12-25 h later. None of these patients had been asked to fast after receiving the ioxaglate. This has not been reported previously with any of the presently available ...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(85)80198-7

    authors: Udeshi UL

    更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00

  • Transrectal ultrasound-guided targeted biopsy of transition zone prostate cancer under cognitive registration with prebiopsy MRI and sonographic findings.

    abstract:AIM:To evaluate retrospectively the diagnostic usefulness of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided targeted biopsy (TB) for transition zone (TZ) prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS:A consecutive series of 38 patients who underwent TRUS-guided TB of TZ...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2019.10.001

    authors: Won SY,Cho NH,Choi YD,Park SY

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma: correlation with angiogenesis.

    abstract:AIM:To investigate the diagnostic and differential diagnostic values of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) in prostatic diseases, and to investigate the correlation between the parameters of SI-T curves and angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-one patients with proven prostatic carcin...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2007.07.023

    authors: Ren J,Huan Y,Wang H,Chang YJ,Zhao HT,Ge YL,Liu Y,Yang Y

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • Spontaneous aorto-caval fistulae.

    abstract::The clinical and radiological presentation of four cases of spontaneous aorto-caval fistula is described. This is an unusual complication of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and presents with abdominal pain, a pulsatile abdominal mass and an abdominal bruit. Our cases illustrate the variable clinical presentation, outline...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(83)80432-2

    authors: Gregson RH,Sutton D,Brennan J,Small PG,O'Sullivan E

    更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00

  • Imaging of the aortic valve with MRI and CT angiography.

    abstract::The aortic valve may be affected by a wide range of congenital and acquired diseases. Echocardiography is the main non-invasive imaging technique for assessing patho-anatomical alterations of the aortic valve and adjacent structures and in many cases is sufficient to establish a diagnosis and/or guide treatment decisi...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2013.07.014

    authors: Harvey JJ,Hoey ET,Ganeshan A

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination amongst West Midlands radiologists.

    abstract::A postal survey of 150 radiologists within the West Midlands Regional Health Authority was undertaken to obtain information about hepatitis B vaccination uptake and its relationship, if any, to their involvement in interventional radiology. Overall, 64% were vaccinated, the rate being higher amongst trainees (81%). No...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80087-x

    authors: Holland P,Hutchinson CE

    更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00

  • Clonorchiasis of the pancreas.

    abstract::Three patients with pancreatic clonorchiasis were examined with endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. On each of the three cases there was diffuse irregular dilatation of tributaries of the pancreatic duct in the pancreatic tail. The main pancreatic duct and tributaries draining into the body and head portion were no...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80967-5

    authors: Lim JH,Ko YT

    更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00

  • Polyethylene glycol solution as an oral contrast agent for MRI of the small bowel in a patient population.

    abstract:AIM:To assess the efficacy of polyethylene glycol solution as an oral contrast agent in a patient population. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Patients were fasted from 12.00 am. Administration of the oral contrast medium commenced 15 min before imaging and comprised one sachet of Norgine (Klean-prep, Middlesex, UK) reconstituted...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2006.06.011

    authors: McKenna DA,Roche CJ,Murphy JM,McCarthy PA

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Hickmans in unusual places.

    abstract::Radiologists now commonly insert long-term indwelling right atrial catheters. The insertion of these catheters in patients with limited venous access is a challenging clinical problem. Our experience in dealing with patients with limited venous access from a series of 500 Hickman catheter insertions is presented, as a...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(99)91071-1

    authors: Murphy JM,Wallis F,Molloy MP

    更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00

  • Advances in non-contrast quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS) magnetic resonance angiography.

    abstract::There is a pressing clinical need to develop accurate, efficient non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) techniques. Our efforts in the field have focused on a novel non-subtractive technique called quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS) MRA. Compared with other NC-MRA techniques, QISS has the advantag...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2017.12.003

    authors: Edelman RR,Carr M,Koktzoglou I

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Inflammatory pseudotumours in children: CT and ultrasound appearances with histopathological correlation.

    abstract::Inflammatory pseudotumour is an uncommon benign lesion that presents in children and young adults. The rarity of these lesions, particularly at extrapulmonary sites, has resulted in poor documentation of its radiological manifestations. The casenotes, radiology and histology of five patients with inflammatory pseudotu...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)83220-9

    authors: Brown G,Shaw DG

    更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00

  • Duplex Doppler measurements of the portal vein in portal hypertension.

    abstract::In order to assess the validity of quantitative duplex Doppler measurements of portal vein flow, 10 patients with proven diffuse liver disease and portal hypertension were examined serially by two independent observers over a 3 month period. Multiple measurements of the portal vein were made using a consistent techniq...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81237-1

    authors: Lomas DJ,Britton PD,Summerton CB,Seymour CA

    更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00

  • Spectral CT and its specific values in the staging of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: technical possibilities and clinical impact.

    abstract:AIM:To investigate how spectral computed tomography (SCT) values impact the staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:One hundred and thirteen patients with confirmed NSCLC were included in a prospective cohort study. All patients underwent single-phase contrast-enhanced SCT (using ...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2019.02.010

    authors: Fehrenbach U,Kahn J,Böning G,Feldhaus F,Merz K,Frost N,Maurer MH,Renz D,Hamm B,Streitparth F

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Ultrasound findings of masses of the paratesticular space.

    abstract::Ultrasound is a routine investigation for the assessment of scrotal masses. Many of the detected lesions involve the paratesticular structures. The most common paratesticular masses in clinical practice are epididymal cysts and spermatoceles, but there are a large number of other pathologies that can be encountered an...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.crad.2007.09.004

    authors: Smart JM,Jackson EK,Redman SL,Rutherford EE,Dewbury KC

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • Peripheral angioplasty: emphasising the need for complete visualisation in lower limb angiography.

    abstract::The importance of optimal visualisation by the use of multiple projections in lower limb angiography is stressed. This is particularly relevant to the safe and effective performance of percutaneous angioplasty; illustrative examples are presented. ...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(85)80083-0

    authors: Procter AE,Cumberland DC

    更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00

  • Computed tomography in the radiology of testicular teratomas.

    abstract::Thirty patients with testicular teratomas were examined by computed tomography (CT), lymphangiography and chest X-rays/tomography and the role of each investigation in the staging and management of these tumours is examined. It is suggested that CT should be the primary investigation of the abdomen in patients with te...

    journal_title:Clinical radiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(81)80338-8

    authors: Katz D,Fasianos S

    更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00