Abstract：
:The hind limbs of mice were immobilized with plaster cast for different periods of time, and the atrophy of the anterior tibial muscle was examined by measuring fiber cross sections. In a second series of experiments, mice were trained on a treadmill before and after immobilization. The most pronounced decrease in fiber diameters was observed during the 1st week; during prolonged immobilization, only a moderate atrophy occurred. Red fibers were found to be more susceptible to immobilization atrophy than white fibers. The ultrastructural observations extended to loss and fragmentation of myofibrils, mitochondria, and the sarcotubular system. Some fibers split and appeared to undergo segmental necrosis, which was followed by invasion of leucocytes into the muscle. Still while immobilized, the muscles exhibited a regenerative capacity; satellite cells differentiated to myoblasts, which fused to myotubes, being the precursors of new muscle fibers. This was already observed during the 1st week of immobilization. The effect of training after immobilization was documented by an increase of fiber diameters. The ultrastructural alterations, however, in these muscles were severe; it was concluded that a postimmobilization training has to be undertaken very carefully. When the muscles were trained before immobilization, the atrophy was almost negligible. A preimmobilization training can probably prevent the muscle from developing severe atrophy.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Appell HJdoi
10.1055/s-2008-1025726subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
6-12issue
1eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between heart rate variability (HRV) changes and both training variations and performances in elite swimmers. A secondary purpose was to measure catecholamine urinary excretion in elite swimmers to validate the HRV indices of sympathetic activity during...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924490
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared physiological responses associated with exercise tolerance in girls (G) and women (W) of similar fitness and heat acclimatization level during exercise in a hot and humid outdoor environment (33.4 degrees C and 55.1 % RH; WBGT = 29.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C). Nine pre-menarcheal G (age = 11.3 yr) and nin...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-923863
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to describe injury/illness rates in ultratrail runners competing in a 65-km race to build a foundation for injury prevention and help race organizers to plan medical provision for these events. Prospectively transcribed medical records were analysed for 77 athletes at the end of the race. Number of in...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0035-1569347
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Throwing arm injuries are common and often related to the shoulder external and internal rotation. Quantitative assessment may provide new insights to physical assessment and options for treatment. After having signed IRB approved consents and filled out injury questionnaires, 96 baseball pitchers were examined on bot...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1295440
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum testosterone concentration was determined before and after physical activities of different duration. The subjects under study were: (1) 7 competitive walkers before and after a 20-km race (average race time 1 h 30 min); (2) 9 middle-distance runners before and after 1-h training; (3) 16 marathon runners before ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025914
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Barefoot and minimal footwear running has led to greater interest in the biomechanical effects of different types of footwear. The effect of running footwear on dynamic stability is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and impact loading across 3 footwear conditions; barefoot...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0043-103090
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sedentary overweight or obese adult (age<60 years) women, allocated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=13), dyslipidemia alone (DYS, n=12), dyslipidemia associated with hyperglycaemia (DYSHG, N=12), or healthy control (CON, n=10) groups, had their lipid, glucose, blood pressure, endurance performance, and anthropome...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0044-100387
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meniscocapsular separations are often seen in knees with other intra-articular pathology. The consequences of these tears with regard to knee contact mechanics are currently unknown, and the biomechanical advantages of repair have not been measured. We hypothesize that tears to the meniscocapsular junction will cause ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1398656
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine electromyographic changes of the agonist and antagonist muscles during fatigue. Nine healthy, untrained subjects exerted a maximum voluntary heel lifting contraction with their dominant limb. The EMG activity over the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles was recorded during...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2002-29079
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper reviews evidence for the role of specific amino acids in the etiology of fatigue and the overtraining syndrome in athletes. An increase in the plasma concentration ratio of free tryptophan: branched-chain amino acids may mediate an increase in 5-HT synthesis in the brain and thus induce fatigue durin...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024863
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a vibration training protocol and a conventional strength training program consisting of similar exercises on knee extensors and flexors strength and postural sway in middle-aged women. 38 women were randomly assigned into a Vibration Group (n=12, static and ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1249618
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite evidence that cancer and its treatments severely reduce cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), normative data for cancer survivors do not exist. The present study identifies age and gender-specific CRF distributions in a cancer population. The use of cancer-specific normative CRF data may help stratify initial fitne...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1375691
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Highly repetitive submaximal intermittent contractions of the forearm muscles during periods of 30-50 min partially explain why motorcycle races are so demanding for the neuromuscular system. This study investigated the contribution of central and peripheral mechanisms of fatigue on the exerted and contralateral exten...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0035-1549959
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the difference in blood glucose concentration (Glu) response during an incremental swimming test before and after a ten-week training period and verified whether blood glucose threshold (GT) could be determined in competitive swimmers. 7 elite male university swimmers participated in thi...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1279778
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpine spelunking is practiced in darkness, isolation, cold and high humidity. In this paper we study the acute haematological effects of prolonged strenuous activity in five spelunkers who spent about 20 hours in a 700-meter deep cave without resting much or sleeping. On four occasions, we measured their red cell cou...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-964978
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study assessed the effectiveness of an RPE learning protocol for improving the validity of the Borg 6-20 RPE scale for self-regulating exercise intensity during Indoor Cycling (IC). 16 healthy adults performed 5 IC sessions. Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored. In sessions 1 and 5, participants perc...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1353166
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the effect of exercise on adiponectin in young healthy human males, we examined serum total adiponectin and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin in newly recruited male soldiers who participated in an 8-week basic military training (BMT). A total of 95 males (mean age, 18.79±1.50 years) were sampled ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0770-6093
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the influence of autonomic blockade (AB) on the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function at rest (R) and during bicycle exercise (EX) in eight endurance-trained (TR) and ten untrained subjects (UT). Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography at the parasternal long axis were performed at rest and duri...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972921
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the supine posture, immersion, and swimming on hormones involved in the regulation of hydrosaline equilibrium. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone (ALDO) were measured by radioim...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024933
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the respiratory effects of a single dive in children. Eighteen young divers and 18 controls participated in our study (age range: 9 - 13 years). Volumes and expiratory flow rates were measured 20 minutes before and 10 minutes after one air dive (3 meters, 25 minutes). Before the dive, no differenc...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-923810
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to compare the peak vertical ground reaction force (V-GRF(peak)) and impulse of women performing water aerobic exercises at different intensities in aquatic and dry land environments. 15 young women performed 1 session in each environment consisting of 3 water aerobic exercises (statio...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1331757
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10), heart rate (HR), peak blood lactate (La peak), and immersion (IM) parameters in 17 elite synchronized swimmers performing 30 solo and duet routines during competition. All were video recorded (50 Hz) and an observational instrumen...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1353177
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to investigate the neuronal control and biomechanical effects of stumbling reactions. To induce these perturbations, a specially prepared treadmill was used which allowed rapid and powerful changes of treadmill speed. EMG recordings of leg muscles were related to cinematic movement patte...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025785
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine if stepping cadence when controlling for total steps has a differential impact on regional vascular function. 16 young adults (21±2 years) performed fast (125 steps per min) and slow (80 steps per min) walking for a total of 3 000 steps on separate days. Doppler ultrasound was us...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0035-1554696
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the acute influence of pedaling cadence on arterial stiffness in young men, 15 healthy men (21.8±0.4 years) underwent 3 trials in self-control crossover design: non-cycling control (CON), cycling at 60 (RPM60) and 90 rounds per min (RPM90). Cycling lasted 30 min at intensity of 35% heart rate reserve. Arter...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0753-5008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reviewed carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle with an emphasis on recent information. In this review a significant number of points have been made. These are summarized below. 1. CP and glycogen are concomitantly metabolized during short-term (less than or equal to 10 s) intense exercise. 2. Both epineph...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024932
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the vigorous nature of rock/pop drumming, there are no precise data on the energy expenditure of this activity. The aim of this study was to quantify the energy cost of rock/pop drumming. Fourteen male drummers (mean±SD; age 27±8 yrs.) completed an incremental drumming test to establish the relationship betwee...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1337905
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amenorrhea and osteoporosis are strongly associated in female athletes. Amenorrheic women show lower serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than eumenorrheic women. BDNF is known to regulate bone tissue development and remodeling; thus, athletes with low serum BDNF levels may show low bone mass. This...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0835-6119
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared 3 months of eucaloric (12 kcal/kg/wk) steady state aerobic training (AER) to interval training (INT) in men at risk for insulin resistance. Primary outcomes included oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and HOMA-IR 24 h and 72 h after each participants last exercise session. Secondary outcomes were VO2max...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1311594
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a pre-loaded 1 500-m treadmill time trial, conducted in moderate normobaric hypoxia. 8 trained runners/triathletes (24±3 years, 73.2±8.1 kg, 182.5±6.5 cm, altitude specific V˙O2max: 52.9±5.5 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) completed 3 trials (the first as a familiarisation...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0042-108651
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
