Abstract：
:Electric shocks lead to lasting behavioral deficits in rodents, and as such are often used to model post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the laboratory. Here we show that a single exposure of rats to 3 mA-strong shocks results in a marked social avoidance that lasts at least 28 days; moreover, the response intensifies over time. In an attempt to study the impact of cue reminders on the behavior of shocked rats, we administered shocks in the presence of a highly conspicuous, 10 cm-large object. This object was introduced into the home cage of rats 28 days after shock exposure. Shocked rats manipulated the object considerably less than controls. More importantly, however, the object was buried by shocked rats. This behavior was virtually absent in controls. The response strongly depended on the intensity of shocks, and was robust. Rats shocked with 3 mA currents spent 40% of time burying the object, which was often hardly visible at the end of the 5 min test. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the response was not cue-specific as unfamiliar objects were also buried. Rats are well known to bury dangerous objects; the shock-prod burying test of anxiety is based on this response. Behavioral similarities with this test and the differences from the marble-burying behavior of mice suggest that traumatized rats bury unfamiliar objects in defense, and the response can be interpreted as a sign of hyper-vigilance. We further suggest that object burying can be used as a sign of hyper-vigilance in models of PTSD.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Mikics E,Baranyi J,Haller Jdoi
10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-09 00:00:00pages
341-8issue
3eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(08)00026-7journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Our previous studies have shown that in long-term two-bottle preference tests, mice from the C57BL/6ByJ (B6) inbred strain drink more monosodium glutamate (MSG) and inosine monophosphate (IMP) than mice from the 129P3/J (129) inbred strain. The goal of this study was to examine whether this variation in consumption co...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-10-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90374-b
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00381-8
更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-08-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.002
更新日期：2008-02-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00093-6
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90007-q
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)00211-m
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a wide body of literature to suggest that sexual experience may influence androgen secretion in various species, in turn, androgens may also influence anxiety. We hypothesized that sexual experience may alter anxiety behavior and secretion of endogenous androgens. Experiment 1: anxiety behavior of rats with a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-10-22 00:00:00
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更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Body temperature (T(b)) and metabolic rate (O(2) consumption) were measured continuously in naked mole-rats. Circadian rhythms were observed for both parameters. Body temperature increased at the end of the light phase in a 12L:12D cycle in three of four animals. The remaining animal exhibited a freerunning rhythm of ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To partly or completely satisfy the increasing demand for insulin, pregnant rats were infused SC with human insulin (2.4 or 4.8 IU/day) from day 14 to day 20 of gestation. Cyclic control rats underwent the same procedure of 6 days of insulin-treatment. During the treatment all groups of rats were hypoglycaemic, but fo...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.053
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike thermal comfort in air, little research has been undertaken exploring thermal comfort around water sports. We investigated the impact of swimming and cooling in air after swimming on thermal comfort. After 10 min of swimming-and-resting cycles in 28°C water, volunteers wearing two types of garments or in swim b...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.016
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many socially relevant odors are detected in rodent species by the vomeronasal organ and subsequently processed by the accessory olfactory system (AOS). We previously found that gonadectomized male and female rats treated in adulthood with testosterone propionate (TP) showed equivalent Fos responses in the AOS to odor...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
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更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
