Abstract：
:The basis of the maternal to foetal serum concentration gradient of dexamethasone was investigated in the rat on day 20 of gestation. The pregnant rat was assumed to behave as a two-compartment open model with one maternal and one foetal pool exchanging with each other and each to outside. Bolus injections of unlabelled dexamethasone were made into the mother and of [3H]-dexamethasone into its foetuses and serial maternal and foetal blood samples were collected a number of times. The monitoring of both forms of the drug in each sample permitted the estimation by a non-linear least square approach of two placental and two non-placental clearances. After both maternal and foetal injections of dexamethasone, its concentrations were higher in the maternal than in the foetal serum. Placental clearance of dexamethasone from the foetus to the mother was 824 +/- 40 ml kg-1 h-1 and 8.5 +/- 1 times greater than the placental clearance from the mother to foetus (103 +/- 2 ml kg-1 h-1). Foetal non-placental clearance was zero. It is suggested that a maternal to foetal serum gradient of dexamethasone is caused by its active transfer from the foetal to maternal side.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Varma DRdoi
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1986.tb16254.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-08-01 00:00:00pages
815-20issue
4eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The effects of bergamot essential oil (BEO; Citrus bergamia, Risso) on excitotoxic neuronal damage was investigated in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:The study was performed in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Cell viability was measured by dye exclusion. R...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0707237
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have studied whether a nucleotide receptor mediates the effects of extracellular ATP and UTP on phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rat cultured glomerular mesangial cells. 2. ATP and UTP stimulated a biphasic 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) formation in [3H]-arachidonic acid-labelled mesangial cells. In contrast, in cel...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13890.x
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Goblet cell secretion in guinea-pig airways is under neural control. Opioids have previously been shown to inhibit neurogenic plasma exudation and bronchoconstriction in guinea-pig airways. We have now examined the effects of morphine and opioid peptides on tracheal goblet cell secretion induced by either electrica...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14259.x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substance P and substance K (neurokinin A) (dose range: 0.08-80 nmol kg-1) were tested for their effects on gastrointestinal propulsion in the rat. The peptides were given by intraperitoneal injection concurrently with the intragastric administration of a test meal containing charcoal and 51Cr. Examination 3 min after...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb09462.x
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of inhaled platelet-activating factor (PAF) on responsiveness of the human nasal airway were examined in normal subjects by measuring nasal airway resistance in response to histamine and bradykinin at 2, 6, 24, 48 h and 7 d after PAF administration. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13779.x
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have studied the mechanical response of circular strips of the guinea-pig ileum to tachykinins and characterized the receptors involved by means of receptor-selective agonists. 2. The strips responded to both substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), as well as to [Pro9]-SP sulphone (selective NK1-receptor agonis...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14195.x
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Dopamine efflux following single pulse or train of pulse stimulations was measured in slices of rat caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium, using fast cyclic voltammetry at a carbon fibre microelectrode; 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50 pulses were applied at each location at frequencies varying from 10 Hz...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14355.x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 New 2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their agonist properties on the ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)) of native rat skeletal muscle fibres by using the patch-clamp technique. The novel modifications involved the introduction at position 2 of the benzoxazine ring of alkyl substituent...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705233
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The specific stimulating action of dopamine and L-DOPA on exocrine pancreatic secretion was further investigated in the isolated blood-perfused canine pancreas.2 6-Hydroxydopamine (100 mug, i.a.) stimulated the secretion but was far less potent than dopamine. Epinine (0.3-1 mg. i.a.), alpha-methyldopamine (10-300 mu...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09651.x
更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Recently, we demonstrated that the nucleus accumbens (NAC) is required for the acquisition and expression of relief memory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NMDA receptors within the NAC in relief learning. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:The NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phos...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.13070
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The responses of excitatory junctions on locust skeletal muscle fibres to iontophoretically applied L-glutamic acid and DL-ibotenic acid, a rigidly extended analogue of glutamate, were recorded by means of intracellular microelectrodes.2 Iontophoresis of L-glutamate to junctional sites produced transient depolarizat...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1979.tb13675.x
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat vas deferens preparations became desensitized to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist thymoxamine: after 6 h in vitro, the t 1/2 value (time to attain half the occupancy of receptors occupied at equilibrium) of the response to this drug was 1.50 fold greater in control strips (strips exposed to thymoxamine at 6 h) ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10113.x
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiovascular actions of cannbinoids are complex. In general they cause vasorelaxation in isolated blood vessels, while in anaesthetised animals they cause multiphasic responses which involve an early bradycardia and long-lasting hypotension. However, in conscious animals, the picture is one of bradycardia follow...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705725
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effects of diltiazem on smooth muscle cells of the canine basilar artery were investigated by means of microelectrode, double sucrose gap and isometric tension recording methods. 2 The mean membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells was -49.8 mV and they were electrically quiescent. Diltiazem (over 10(-5) M) ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09162.x
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) has been reported to interact with the GTP-binding Ni-protein; we have examined its effect on adenosine receptor binding in feline cortical membranes and on adenosine-receptor mediated effects on cyclic AMP accumulation in rat hippocampal slices. Treatment of cortical membranes with NEM (100 mic...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb08922.x
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Emesis is a multi-system reflex, which is usually investigated using in vivo models. The aim of the study is to compare the response induced by emetic compounds across species and investigate whether dogs, ferrets and rats are all similarly predictive of humans. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:A systemati...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01669.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We investigated the effect of KB-R7943, a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitor, on the aggregation response induced by adrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), alone or in combination in human and rabbit platelets in the presence or absence of ouabain. 2. KB-R7943 inhibited aggregation induced by the combination of ad...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0703928
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We measured the effects of agonists and antagonists of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (types 1 and 5) on NMDA-induced depolarization of mouse cortical wedges in order to characterize the mGlu receptor type responsible for modulating NMDA responses. We also characterized a number of mGlu receptor agents by ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0703904
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Macrophage elastase (MMP-12) is involved in the inflammatory process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to investigate in mice the effect of MMP-12 inhibition on the inflammatory process induced by cigarette smoke (CS) or by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure of the air...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjp.2008.180
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergic inflammatory responses contribute to the symptoms of a number of diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis. Cationic proteins are released from inflammatory cells and levels are known to be raised in disease states. Using an in vivo model of acute inflammation, we investigated the characterist...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0704172
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In order to investigate the modulatory effects of adenosine on excitatory amino acid projections onto striatal medium spiny neurons, whole-cell patch clamp experiments were carried out in rat brain slices. The effects of various agonists for P1 (adenosine) and P2 (ATP) purinoceptors and their antagonists were inves...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0701347
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Endotoxin shock is accompanied by an increase in peripheral vascular permeability. It has been postulated that most biological activities of LPS are derived from lipid A moiety. Here we examined the effect of lipid A analogue ONO-4007 in increasing vascular permeability and the possible mediators in mouse skin by a...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0703425
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We studied the inhibitory effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP 1-27) on the increase in total pulmonary resistance (RL) caused either by allergen or histamine in anaesthetized, ventilated guinea-pigs. 2. PACAP 1-27 given via i.v. infusion (0.045-4.5 nmol kg-1 min-1) dose-dependently r...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15897.x
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:P2X(7), receptors are potently inhibited by extracellular acidification. The underlying molecular basis remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the role of extracellular histidine, lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues in the functional inhibition of rat P2X(7) receptors by acidic...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00002.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Previous studies had shown that adenosine and adenine nucleotides including adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) caused contraction of the rat colon muscularis mucosae via P1 and P2Y-purinoceptors respectively, and that the stable ATP analogue adenylyl 5'-(beta,gama- methylene)diphosphonate (AMPPCP) had an unexpected di...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14265.x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are proposals for the implementation of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists for the management of muscle wasting diseases. The idea has been initiated by studies in animal models which show that beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists cause hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. Their use in clinical practice will also need an underst...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0706670
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. beta-Bungarotoxin and other snake toxins with phospholipase activity augment acetylcholine release evoked from mouse motor nerve terminals before they produce blockade. This action of the toxins is independent of their phospholipase A2 activity, but the underlying mechanism for the facilitation of release is unclea...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11595.x
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. N-formyl peptides (e.g. fMLP; N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine) are potent mediators for inflammatory reactions. We report functional expression in Xenopus oocytes of human fMLP-R98 cDNA, without co-expression of the promiscuous G-protein subunit, Galpha-16. 2. Stimulation of voltage-clamped oocytes (-70...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0704592
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Behavioural activity (delayed differentiation and spatial delayed alternation) and pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its metabolites, N-desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), 3-hydroxydiazepam (temazepam) and 3-hydroxy-N-desmethyldiazepam (oxazepam), and of dipotassium clorazepate (clorazepate), were studied in the monkey...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb08423.x
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Three novel phenylglycine analogues; (RS)-alpha-methyl-3-chloro-4-phosphonophenylglycine (UBP1110), (RS)-alpha-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phosphonophenylglycine (UBP1111) and (RS)-alpha-methyl-3-methyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (UBP1112) antagonised the depression of the fast component of the dorsal root-evoked ventral root...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705377
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
