Abstract：
:A system is described for avoidance conditioning of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), for sound patterns consisting of one or two sequential subunits and to discriminate between two closely resembling sounds. Electric shock was used as the unconditioned stimulus. Simple conditioning was accomplished in about 300-400 trials. After a given sound pattern was firmly fixed by conditioning, discrimination between this and a new sound pattern was established relatively rapidly by using several consecutive sessions in which the two patterns were mixed. Discrimination was reinforced by associating the two signals by opposing electric shocks. An overnight rest period after the first few sessions improved the rate of conditioning during the following experimental period. A temporary, partial or complete extinction of conditioning was produced by longer rest intervals, but the original conditioning was reestablished by subjecting the animal to a few trials of reconditioning. Short intercalations of a new conditioned stimulus had no effect on the retention of the original conditioning whereas a random mixing of the first conditioned stimulus with a second produced a temporary decay in the original conditioning. The experimental system described here is useful for studying physiological and biochemical changes accompanying a memory process based on a linear sequence of sound patterns.
journal_name
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatryauthors
Ven Murthy MR,Lambert Rdoi
10.1016/0278-5846(86)90039-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
11-23issue
1eissn
0278-5846issn
1878-4216journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The sleep pattern and conditions at the time of awakening were investigated by means of polygraphy and tests in 6 healthy adult volunteers following administration of amineptine. The drug was found to increase the number and duration of the REM phases, without affecting the overall sleeping time but reducing sleep lat...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(85)90078-8
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensory symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered sensory gating may cause sensory overload. However, whether ASD individuals have P50 gating deficits is controversial in childhood and lacks evidence in adulthood. Beyond P50, fewer studies have examined N100 or P200, although N100...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109683
更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:1. High-resolution MRI scans were obtained from 35 relatively high-functioning persons with autism and 36 healthy controls, comparable in age, gender, and IQ. 2. Volumetric measurements were obtained from manual tracing of the bilateral caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. 3. An increased volume of the caudate nucle...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(99)00020-2
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may induce or exacerbate rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia (RSWA) and increase the risk of developing REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). However, most of these studies are retrospective and cross-sectional and employed smal...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.010
更新日期：2013-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Negative symptoms have been associated with structural impairment in the PFC, and hypothesized to arise from a central hypodopaminergic substrate. Corticofugal PFC neurons, which are inhibited by VTA DA innervation, exert a tonic excitatory modulation on DA activity in the NAS. Lesions of ascending DA forebrain projec...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(92)90102-k
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is some evidence in animals that dopamine (DA) affects melatonin secretion. The effect of apomorphine (Apo), a selective DA receptor agonist, and placebo on day-time melatonin secretion was studied in six normal men. Apo HCl in a dose (0.5 mg sc) which increased growth hormone secretion in all subjects had no ef...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(87)90065-0
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delayed carbon monoxide (CO) encephalopathy is a serious complication of acute CO poisoning. We present a case of successful treatment of ziprasidone, a newer atypical antipsychotic, in delayed CO encephalopathy. A 52-year-old depressed woman suffered acute CO intoxication after an attempt of suicide by burning charco...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.019
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adolescence is a period of active development of stress regulatory neurocircuitry. As a consequence, mechanisms that control the responses to stress are not fully matured during this developmental period, which may result in vulnerability to chronic stress. We hypothesized that adolescent chronic stress would have neg...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.003
更新日期：2019-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Dysregulation of the immune system may play a role in tic disorders. We screened for immune disturbances by investigating serum levels of cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with a tic disorder. METHODS:Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL2R), tu...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.028
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the APOE alleles and depressive symptoms of older adults, considering individual characteristics and the effect of neighborhood environment. METHODS:Using a multilevel, stratified sampling strategy, 500 elders were recruited from official household records...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.09.023
更新日期：2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress seems to be an important risk factor in the beginning and continuing stages of cigarette tobacco smoking in humans. Considering that both of nicotine administration and stress exposure affect cognitive functions including memory formation, the aim of the present study was 1) to evaluate the effect of subcutaneo...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.008
更新日期：2018-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The majority of neurons in the striatum (caudate-putamen, dorsal striatum; nucleus accumbens, ventral striatum) and in striatal projection regions (the pallidum, the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra reticulata) use gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as transmitter and express glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(93)90018-n
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-reported behavior and attitudes towards eating [Eating Disorder Inventory-2; Garner DM (1991). Eating Disorder Inventory-2: Professional Manual. Odessa, Fl.: Psychological Assessment Resources; Estonian version Podar I, Hannus A, Allik J (1999). Personality and Affectivity Characteristics Associated With Eating D...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.025
更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropathological abnormalities in schizophrenia have been demonstrated in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Only a few studies on first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients have been done using in vivo neuroimaging techniques. The authors examined the PHG morphology using structural MRI in neuroleptic-naiv...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.01.017
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A great number of clinical observations show a relationship between epilepsy and depression. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy, including absence epilepsy, has a genetic basis. The review provides evidence that WAG/Rij rats can be regarded as a valid genetic animal model of absence epilepsy with comorbidity of depressio...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.010
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human brain is a topologically complex network embedded in anatomical space, and anatomical distance may affect functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia. However, little is known if and how this effect occurs in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS). METHODS:We explored long- and short-range FC through ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.012
更新日期：2018-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Mecamylamine, a noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has many potential clinical applications, including treating alcohol dependency. However, little is known about the combined effects of mecamylamine and alcohol on visual system electrophysiology. We examined the separate and combined effe...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.016
更新日期：2013-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Dopamine agonists and dopamine releasers act at the level of the striatum to activate a mossy fiber pathway which in turn increases cerebellar cGMP in the rodent. 2. CCK acts to both decrease basal cerebellar cGMP levels as well as to antagonize increases in cerebellar cGMP elicited by dopaminergic agonists and rel...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(89)90139-5
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zolpidem is a rapid-onset, short-duration, quickly eliminated imidazopyridine hypnotic. It has been suggested that zolpidem may produce less memory and cognitive impairment than benzodiazepines (BZs) due to its low binding affinity for BZ receptor subtypes found in areas of the brain that are involved in learning and ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(02)00254-3
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary and plasma DHPG and MHPG were estimated in patients with MADD and showing DST non-suppression as compared to those with normal suppression. Day and night 12h urine collections and morning plasma samples were analyzed by GC-MS for total MHPG and DHPG and free MHPG levels. Urinary DHPG excretion was significantl...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(85)90036-3
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with enhanced anxiety and reduced reward processing leading to impaired cognitive flexibility. These pathological changes during depression are accompanied by dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its impaired regulation by the amygdala. Notably, the ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110000
更新日期：2020-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggressive behavior is one of the most challenging symptoms in psychiatry, and biological markers for aggression lack of large sample validations. Serotonin (5-HT) and other neuroactive compounds deriving from Tryptophan (Trp), including kynurenine (Kyn), have not yet been investigated in large cohorts of aggressive i...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.012
更新日期：2016-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to compare the possible dependence potential of antidepressants (ADs) to benzodiazepines (BZDs). The Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self-Report Questionnaire (Bendep-SRQ) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were administered...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(02)00209-9
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that results in the orderly and efficient removal of damaged or unnecessary cells, such as those resulting from DNA damage or during development. There are many factors that contribute to this process, each demonstrating specificity of function, regulation, and pathway invo...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0278-5846(03)00016-2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects exerted by GABAB receptor agonists and antagonists on the acute opiate withdrawal induced by mu and k receptor agonists were investigated in vitro. 2. Following a 4 min in vitro exposure to morphine (less selective mu agonist), DAGO (highly selective mu agonist) and U50-488H (highly selective k agonist)...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00097-9
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been reported that personality traits are related to several neurotransmitters. However, the association between personality traits and the central nervous system remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between a polymorphism involving a variable number of tandem repeats in the ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.09.012
更新日期：2008-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Studies on the metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressant trimipramine (TMP) in the rat are described. 2. Twenty metabolites of TMP were isolated from rat urine after enzymatic hydrolysis and their structures were determined by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method. 3. Twelve TMP metabolites were ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(91)90094-h
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Bipolar disorder is associated with a high risk of suicide. Many clinical characteristics and, recently, biomarkers have been studied with the aim to find useful predictors of suicidality. The role of serum lipids has also been explored albeit with conflicting results; however, few studies have been focused o...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.12.009
更新日期：2012-04-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), has been used as a neuroendocrine probe to assess serotonin (5-HT) function in human subjects. In an effort to characterize the oral citalopram challenge, we hypothesized that oral racemic citalopram would increase plasma cortisol, prolactin and adrenocortic...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.017
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) is a promising candidate gene in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). A 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) sequence in exon 3 has been studied previously, and alleles containing 2-11 repeats (2R-11R) have been identified. We investigated the association of DRD4 V...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.023
更新日期：2013-03-05 00:00:00
