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Structural responses of Daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals.

Abstract：

:Pharmaceuticals and personal care products may enter the terrestrial environment through the amendment of agricultural soils with manure or biosolids with potential impacts on beneficial soil microbe populations. The beneficial symbiotic relationship between most plant species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a primary determinant of plant health and soil fertility. As such, there is increasing recognition of the need to study the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on plant-microbe interactions in soil ecotoxicology studies and risk assessment. A case study exploring the use of root-organ cultures to evaluate the effects of 12 common veterinary and human-use pharmaceuticals on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices grown on Daucus carota root-organ cultures is presented. The bioassays were conducted over a 28-day exposure period at concentrations up to 1000microgl(-1). Root length and the fungal endpoints of hyphal growth and spore production were evaluated weekly during the study. Sulfamethoxazole and atorvastatin were the most phytotoxic compounds with EC50 values of 45microgl(-1) and 65microgl(-1), respectively. Three compounds exhibited selective mycotoxicity, whereby the fungal symbiont was adversely affected at concentrations significantly less than that calculated for root length. The EC50 for G. intraradices hyphal length was 45microgl(-1) for doxycycline, while carbamazepine and 17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol targeted spore production with EC50 values of 113 and 116microgl(-1), respectively. The assay results indicate that the root lengths responded quickly to the presence of phytotoxic pharmaceuticals in the culture medium. Hyphal length is a sensitive endpoint after 21 days exposure, while spore production requires 28 days exposure before significant differences could be detected. Root-organ cultures provide an effective means to evaluate chemical stressors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and can be used to screen for root-based phytotoxicity.

journal_name

Chemosphere

journal_title

Chemosphere

authors

Hillis DG,Antunes P,Sibley PK,Klironomos JN,Solomon KR

doi

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.063

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-09-01 00:00:00

pages

344-52

issue

eissn

0045-6535

issn

1879-1298

pii

S0045-6535(08)00741-8

journal_volume

pub_type

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Structural responses of Daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals.