Abstract:
:According to Alexander's law (AL), the slow phase velocity of nystagmus of vestibular origin is dependent on horizontal position, with lower velocity when gaze is directed in the slow compared with the fast phase direction. Adaptive changes in the velocity-to-position neural integrator are thought to cause AL. Although these changes have been described for the horizontal neural integrator, nystagmus often includes vertical and torsional components, but the adaptive abilities of the vertical and torsional integrators have not been investigated. We measured 11 patients with a peripheral vestibular asymmetry and used second-order equations to describe how velocity varied with position. Horizontal velocity changed with horizontal position in accordance with AL and the second-order term for horizontal position was also significant. Whereas velocity decreased in the slow phase direction, it was relatively unchanged >10 degrees into the fast phase direction. Vertical velocity was also highest in the vertical fast phase direction and the second-order term for vertical position was also significant, in that vertical velocity increased in the vertical fast phase direction, but was unchanging in the slow phase direction. Torsional velocity varied linearly with horizontal, but not vertical, position. These results show that the horizontal and vertical oculomotor neural integrators react to altered vestibular input by maintaining different integrating time constants depending on gaze direction.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Bockisch CJ,Hegemann Sdoi
10.1152/jn.90381.2008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
3105-16issue
6eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
90381.2008journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Monkeys with large unilateral surgical ablations of striate cortex, sustained either in adulthood or at 5-6 wk of age, were trained on an oculomotor detection and localization task and tested with visual stimuli in the hemifields ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion 2-5 yr after surgery. 2. Monkeys with lesi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3928
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iontophoresis of glutamate at sites on the apical dendrite 278-555 microm from the somata of rat neocortical pyramidal neurons evoked low-threshold, small, slow spikes and/or large, fast spikes in 71% of recorded cells. The amplitude of the small, slow spikes recorded at the soma averaged 9.1 mV, and their apparent th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2466
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor cortex (M1) activity between postnatal weeks 5 and 7 is essential for normal development of the corticospinal tract (CST) and visually guided movements. Unilateral reversible inactivation of M1, by intracortical muscimol infusion, during this period permanently impairs development of the normal dorsoventral dist...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91026.2008
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronous neural oscillations are found throughout the brain and are thought to contribute to neural coding and the propagation of activity. Several proposed mechanisms of synchronization have gained support through combined theoretical and experimental investigation, including mechanisms based on coupling and corre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00362.2012
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellum was historically considered a brain region dedicated to motor control, but it has become clear that it also contributes to sensory processing, particularly when sensory discrimination is required. Prior work, for example, has demonstrated a cerebellar contribution to sensory discrimination in the visual...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00763.2015
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor behavior often occurs in environments with multiple goal options that can vary during the ongoing action. We explored this situation by requiring subjects to select between different target options during an ongoing reach. During split trials the original target was replaced with a left and a right flanking targ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00336.2020
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the role of primary visual cortex (V1) in color vision, we measured directly the input from the 3 cone types in macaque V1 neurons. Cells were classified as luminance-preferring, color-luminance, or color-preferring from the ratio of the peak amplitudes of spatial frequency responses to red/green equilum...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01043.2003
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central auditory system has traditionally been divided into lemniscal and nonlemniscal pathways leading from the midbrain through the thalamus to the cortex. This view has served as an organizing principle for studying, modeling, and understanding the encoding of sound within the brain. However, there is evidence ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00008.2014
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary hyperalgesia is believed to be a key feature of "central sensitization" and is characterized by enhanced pain to mechanical nociceptive stimuli. The aim of the present study was to characterize, using EEG, the effects of pinprick stimulation intensity on the magnitude of pinprick-elicited brain potentials [e...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00444.2015
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A popular theory is that the cerebellum functions as a timer for clocking motor events (e.g., initiation, termination). Consistent with this idea, cerebellar patients have been reported to show greater deficits during hand movements that repeatedly start and stop (i.e., discontinuous movements) compared with continuou...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90221.2008
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective connectivity between cortical areas decreases during slow wave sleep. This decline can be observed in the reduced interareal propagation of activity evoked either directly in cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or by sensory stimulation. We present here a large-scale model of the thalamocortica...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00059.2009
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated whether neurons in superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn respond to intracutaneous (ic) delivery of histamine and other irritant chemicals, and thus might be involved in signaling sensations of itch or chemogenic pain. Single-unit recordings were made from superficial lumbar dorsal horn ne...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.2.616
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This second paper of the series deals with another issue regarding sensorimotor representations in the CNS that has received much attention, namely the relative weighting of kinematic and kinetic representations. The question we address here is the contribution of muscle tension afferent information in dorsal spinocer...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.2946
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Two subtypes of astrocytes that expressed distinctly different ion channel complements were identified in primary cultures from rat spinal cord and hippocampus using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. One population of cells expressed voltage-activated Na+ currents and displayed outwardly rectifying I-V relationshi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.626
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sound onsets are salient and behaviorally relevant, and most auditory neurons discharge spikes locked to such transients. The acoustic parameters of sound onsets that shape such onset responses are unknown. In this paper is analyzed the timing of spikes of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex of barbiturate-a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2616
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To gain further insight into the neural mechanisms for different forms of quadrupedal walking, data on postural orientation, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns were assessed for four grades of downslope walking, from 25% (14 degrees slope) to 100% (45 degrees), and compared with data from level and downslope walk...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1702
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human auditory system has an exceptional ability to separate competing sounds, but the neural mechanisms that underlie this ability are not understood. Responses of inferior colliculus (IC) neurons to "mistuned" complex tones were measured to investigate possible neural mechanisms for spectral segregation. A mistu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01194.2004
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-voltage-activated Ca(2+) currents (LVA-I(Ca)) are believed to perform several roles in neurons such as lowering the threshold for action potentials, promoting burst firing and oscillatory behavior, and enhancing synaptic excitation. They also may allow rapid increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. We disc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.746
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When they are 1-2 mo old, domesticated Mongolian gerbils begin having initially mild seizures which become more severe with age. To evaluate the development of this increasing seizure severity, we obtained field potential responses of the dentate gyrus to paired-pulse stimulation of the perforant path during seizures....
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.783
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current-clamp recordings were made from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of 12- to 15-day-old rats to understand the factors that mediate intrinsic spontaneous firing patterns. All of the cells recorded were spontaneously active with spiking patterns ranging continuously from regular spiking to spontaneous bursting wi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.4.1697
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coupled oscillatory activity recorded between sensorimotor regions of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop is thought to reflect information transfer relevant to movement. A neuronal firing-rate model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry, however, has dominated thinking about basal ganglia function for the pas...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00964.2016
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The creation of several prestin knockout and knockin mouse lines has demonstrated the importance of the intrinsic outer hair cell membrane protein prestin to mammalian hearing. However, the structure of prestin remains largely unknown, with even its major features in dispute. Several studies have suggested that presti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00496.2011
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the mechanisms underlying milk-ejection bursts of oxytocin (OT) neurons during suckling, both in vivo and in vitro studies were performed on supraoptic OT neurons from lactating rats. The bursts were first recorded extracellularly in anesthetized rats. Burst-related electrical parameters were essentially th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00697.2003
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Reflex responses were elicited in muscles that act at the ankle by electrical stimulation of low-threshold afferents from the foot in human subjects who were reclining supine. During steady voluntary contractions, stimulus trains (5 pulses at 300 Hz) were delivered at two intensities to the sural nerve (1.2-4.0 tim...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.5.1375
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of fingertip forces to friction at the grasping surface is necessary to prevent use of inadequate or excessive grip forces. In the current study we investigated the effect of blocking tactile information from the fingertips noninvasively on the adaptation and efficiency of grip forces to surface friction du...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00639.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The torque and electromyographic (EMG) responses to stretch of the first dorsal interosseous muscle (externally imposed joint rotation) were recorded in five normal human subjects. The total measured stiffness was decomposed into three individual stiffness components; passive, intrinsic, and reflex. 2. The passive ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.64.1.105
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellum has long been recognized to play an important role in motor adaptation. Individuals with cerebellar ataxia exhibit impaired learning in visuomotor adaptation tasks such as prism adaptation and force field learning. Both types of tasks involve the adjustment of an internal model to compensate for an exte...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00654.2011
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral performance in detection and discrimination tasks is likely to be limited by the quality and nature of the signals carried by populations of neurons in early sensory cortical areas. Here we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) to directly measure neural population responses in the primary visual cortex...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00698.2007
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural oscillations are observed ubiquitously in the mammalian brain, but their stability is known to be rather variable. Some oscillations are tonic and last for seconds or even minutes. Other oscillations appear as unstable bursts. Likewise, some oscillations rely on excitatory AMPAergic synapses, but others are GAB...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00119.2020
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of hierarchical motor control has been viewed as a means of progressively decreasing the number of variables manipulated by each higher control level. We tested the hypothesis that turning an individual bimanual force-production task into a joint (two-participant) force-production task would lead to positi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00313.2015
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00