Abstract:
:A popular theory is that the cerebellum functions as a timer for clocking motor events (e.g., initiation, termination). Consistent with this idea, cerebellar patients have been reported to show greater deficits during hand movements that repeatedly start and stop (i.e., discontinuous movements) compared with continuous hand movements. Yet, this finding could potentially be explained by an alternate theory in which the cerebellum acts as an internal model of limb mechanics. We tested whether a timing or internal model hypothesis best explains results from a circle-drawing task, where individuals trace a circle with the hand at a desired tempo. We first attempted to replicate prior results showing greater impairment for discontinuous versus continuous circling movements, and then asked whether we could improve patient performance by reducing demands in each domain. First, we slowed the movement down to reduce the need to predict and compensate for limb dynamics. Second, we supplied external timing information to reduce the need for an internal event timer. Results showed that we did not replicate the previous findings-cerebellar patients were impaired in both discontinuous and continuous movements. Slowing the movement improved cerebellar performance to near control values. The addition of an external visual timing signal paradoxically worsened timing deficits rather than mitigating them. One interpretation of these combined results is that the cerebellum is indeed functioning as an internal model and is needed to make appropriate predictions for movement initiation and termination.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Bo J,Block HJ,Clark JE,Bastian AJdoi
10.1152/jn.90221.2008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-01 00:00:00pages
2825-32issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
90221.2008journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract::During early brain development, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has been thought to be an important source of excitatory neurotransmission. This view, however, was recently challenged by a series of studies that claim that the excitatory effect of GABA is due to non...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00293.2011
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the functional interactions between the color and form pathways in the primate visual cortex, we have examined the functional connectivity between pairs of color oriented and nonoriented V1 and V2 neurons in Macaque monkeys. Optical imaging maps for color selectivity, orientation preference, and ocular domi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2719
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of spinothalamic tract neurons were studied by extra- and intracellular recordings from the lumbosacral spinal cord in anesthetized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The neurons were identified by antidromic activation from the contralateral diencephalon. They were then classified by the mildest form of m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.1.132
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) on membrane properties of isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons was studied with the use of the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Neurons were acutely dissociated from 21- to 30-day-old mice. In the current-clamp mode, HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) significantly hyperpolarized CA1 neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2477
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study was designed to determine the effects of microstimulation of the medullary reticular formation (MRF) on the locomotor activity of the cat in the absence of phasic afferent feedback from the limbs. To this end, both short (33 ms) and long (200 ms) trains of stimuli (trains of 0.2-ms pulses at 330 H...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.229
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A task was used by Posner (1980) to measure shifts of attention that occurred covertly, in the absence of an eye movement or other orienting response. This paradigm was used here to assess the nature of covert attentional orienting in monkeys to develop an animal model for neurophysiological studies. Shifts of atte...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.431
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans adopt very different head movement strategies for different gaze behaviors, for example, when playing sports versus watching sports on television. Such strategy switching appears to depend on both context and expectation of future gaze positions. Here, we explored the neural mechanisms for such behaviors by tra...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00222.2012
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important new study by Kvarta, Bradbrook, Dantrassy, Bailey, and Thompson (J Neurophysiol 114: 1713-1724, 2015) examined the effects of persistent stress and excessive glucocorticoid levels on hippocampal function and emotional behavior in rodents. The authors specifically implicate the temporoammonic pathway as be...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.01065.2015
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pioneering studies demonstrated that novel degrees of freedom could be controlled individually by directly encoding the firing rate of single motor cortex neurons, without regard to each neuron's role in controlling movement of the native limb. In contrast, recent brain-computer interface work has emphasized decoding ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00373.2013
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::1. The mismatch response, or mismatch negativity (MMN), is a neurophysiologic response to stimulus change. In humans and other animals, the MMN may underlie the ability to discriminate acoustic differences, a fundamental aspect of auditory perception. 2. This study investigated the role of the thalamus in the generati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.3.1270
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of this study was to examine the nature of motoneuron firing-rate modulation in type-identified motor units during smoothly graded contractions of the cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle evoked by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). Motoneuron discharge patterns, firing rates, and the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.38
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stretch reflexes contribute to arm impedance and longer-latency stretch reflexes exhibit increased sensitivity during interactions with compliant or unstable environments. This increased sensitivity is consistent with a regulation of arm impedance to compensate for decreased stability of the environment, but the speci...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00679.2009
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We presented optic flow and real movement heading stimuli while recording MSTd neuronal activity. Monkeys were alternately engaged in three tasks: visual detection of optic flow heading perturbations, vestibular detection of real movement heading perturbations, and auditory detection of brief tones. Push-button RTs we...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00958.2016
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sindbis viruses have been widely used in neurobiology to express a variety of genes in cultured neurons, in cultured slices, and in vivo. They provide fast onset and high levels of expression of foreign genes, but the expression is limited to a short time window due to a shut-off of host protein synthesis. We have use...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00464.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited form of intellectual disability, is caused by loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is a negative regulator of local mRNA translation downstream of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (Gp1 mGluR) activation. In the absence of FMRP there is...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00449.2010
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norepinephrine (NE) is a potent modulator of breathing that can increase/decrease respiratory activity by α1-/α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) activation, respectively. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is known to contribute to central chemoreception, inspiration, and active expiration. Here we investigate the sources of c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00023.2016
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intense itch and urge to scratch are the major symptoms of many chronic skin ailments, which are increasingly common. Vicious itch-scratch cycles are readily established and may diminish quality of life for those afflicted. We investigated peripheral and central processing of two types of itch sensation elicited by sk...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00070.2006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Somatic K currents of cultured hippocampal, striatal, and spinal cord neurons of embryonic rat were recorded under voltage clamp in membrane spheres ("blebs") excised by means of a tight-seal pipette. 2. The somatic K current in blebs was subject to rapid and near complete inactivation during 300-ms depolarizations...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.5.1708
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thalamocortical neurons integrate sensory and cortical activity and are regulated by input from inhibitory neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Evidence suggests that during bursts of action potentials, dendritic calcium transients are seen throughout the dendritic tree of thalamocortical cells. Here, we review ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00918.2013
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seminal work in animals indicates that learning a motor task results in long-term potentiation (LTP) in primary motor cortex (M1) and a subsequent occlusion of LTP induction (Rioult-Pedotti et al. J Neurophysiol 98: 3688-3695, 2007). Using various forms of noninvasive brain stimulation in conjunction with a motor lear...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00766.2013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compression apparel is popular in both medical and sport performance settings. Perceived benefits are suggested to include changes in sensory feedback transmission caused by activation of mechanoreceptors. However, little is known about effects of compression apparel on sensorimotor control. Our purpose was to mechani...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00581.2017
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate and the total amount of Ca2+ elevation in the presynaptic terminals of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia depend on the firing frequency of the terminals. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was used for testing whether mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is one of the mechanisms that ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.186
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coherence analysis has the ability to identify the presence of common descending drive shared by motor unit pools and reveals its spectral properties. However, the link between spectral properties of shared neural drive and functional interactions among muscles remains unclear. We assessed shared neural drive between ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00204.2017
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms of irregular firing of spontaneous action potentials in neurons from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were studied in hypothalamic slices using cell-attached and whole cell recording. The firing pattern of spontaneous action potentials could be divided into regular and irregular, based on the inter...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00314.2003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a spatial population of cutaneous, Adelta, and C mechano-nociceptors to encode the location and intensity of a noxious, cutaneous indentation was examined using an isolated preparation in a rat model. Skin and its intact innervation were harvested from the medial thigh of the rat hindlimb and placed in ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.3049
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal lobe is well known for its oscillatory activity associated with exploration, navigation, and learning. Intrinsic membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) and resonance of stellate cells (SCs) in layer II of the entorhinal cortex are thought to contribute to network oscillations and thereby to the encoding o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00743.2011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We simultaneously compared the sensitivity of single primary afferent neurons supplying the glabrous skin of the hand and the psychophysical amplitude discrimination thresholds in human subjects for a set of vibrotactile stimuli delivered to the receptive field. All recorded afferents had a dynamic range narrower than...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00482.2014
更新日期:2014-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::1. Cats were prepared for chronic recordings from the lumbar enlargement of the spinal dorsal horn. At the beginning of each recording session, a tungsten microelectrode was advanced through the dura in a physiologically intact, awake, drug-free animal, until amplitude discrimination provided a single neuron with a re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.2.763
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic interactions between nearby excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the neocortex are thought to play fundamental roles in sensory processing. Here, we have combined optogenetic stimulation, whole cell recordings, and computational modeling to define key functional microcircuits within layer 2/3 of mouse primary...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00917.2011
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thalamic intralaminar and medial nuclei participate mainly in affective and motivational aspects of pain processing. Unique to the present study were identification and characterization of spontaneously active neurons in the central lateral nucleus (CL) of the intralaminar thalamus, which were found to respond only to...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90985.2008
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00