Abstract:
:A window of opportunity for immune responses to extinguish human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exists from the moment of transmission through establishment of the latent pool of HIV-1-infected cells. A critical time to study the initial immune responses to the transmitted/founder virus is the eclipse phase of HIV-1 infection (time from transmission to the first appearance of plasma virus), but, to date, this period has been logistically difficult to analyze. To probe B-cell responses immediately following HIV-1 transmission, we have determined envelope-specific antibody responses to autologous and consensus Envs in plasma donors from the United States for whom frequent plasma samples were available at time points immediately before, during, and after HIV-1 plasma viral load (VL) ramp-up in acute infection, and we have modeled the antibody effect on the kinetics of plasma viremia. The first detectable B-cell response was in the form of immune complexes 8 days after plasma virus detection, whereas the first free plasma anti-HIV-1 antibody was to gp41 and appeared 13 days after the appearance of plasma virus. In contrast, envelope gp120-specific antibodies were delayed an additional 14 days. Mathematical modeling of the earliest viral dynamics was performed to determine the impact of antibody on HIV replication in vivo as assessed by plasma VL. Including the initial anti-gp41 immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, or both responses in the model did not significantly impact the early dynamics of plasma VL. These results demonstrate that the first IgM and IgG antibodies induced by transmitted HIV-1 are capable of binding virions but have little impact on acute-phase viremia at the timing and magnitude that they occur in natural infection.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Tomaras GD,Yates NL,Liu P,Qin L,Fouda GG,Chavez LL,Decamp AC,Parks RJ,Ashley VC,Lucas JT,Cohen M,Eron J,Hicks CB,Liao HX,Self SG,Landucci G,Forthal DN,Weinhold KJ,Keele BF,Hahn BH,Greenberg ML,Morris L,Karim Sdoi
10.1128/JVI.01708-08subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
12449-63issue
24eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.01708-08journal_volume
82pub_type
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