Abstract：
:This paper critically evaluates the estimates of the cost of Medicare for All (M4A) in the USA. Six studies that estimate the 1-year total cost of M4A in the USA are reviewed. These studies find that M4A would increase national health spending by as much as 16.9% or decrease it by 20.0%, representing a range of estimates that generates uncertainty and confusion regarding what to expect if M4A were implemented. To develop more comparable estimates, the national health spending in each study's comparison year is used as the baseline. Estimates of the change in national health spending under M4A for each report are broken down into five important components of costs and the percentage change from baseline is calculated. The assumptions regarding these cost components are evaluated for each study, and errors and inconsistencies identified. Using data from the literature and findings that are consistent across the reports where they exist, errors and inconsistencies are corrected, and new estimates of the cost components and the overall change in national health spending are calculated. After eliminating one of the reports as having methods that are too opaque to adjust and being an implausible outlier, and adjusting the findings of the remaining five reports, this paper finds that M4A would generate savings from 2.0 to 5.1% of baseline national health spending, averaging 3.9%. M4A would cost about 4% less than current national health spending, and eliminate the uninsured, expand coverage, and likely improve the health of Americans.
journal_name
Appl Health Econ Health Policyjournal_title
Applied health economics and health policyauthors
Nyman JAdoi
10.1007/s40258-021-00636-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-25 00:00:00eissn
1175-5652issn
1179-1896pii
10.1007/s40258-021-00636-6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:Several EU countries are determining reimbursement prices of pharmaceuticals by cross-referencing prices of foreign countries. Our objective is to quantify the theoretical cross-border spill-over effects of cross-reference pricing schemes on pharmaceutical prices in the former EU-15 countries. METHODS:An ana...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00148365-200605040-00005
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The management of the large patient population in Italy receiving long-term oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) poses organizational challenges that are traditionally approached with a centralized procedure, relying on hospital-based clinics and/or GPs. However, the availability of near-patient testing device...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/11313890-000000000-00000
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Treatment with antipsychotic medication is an important element of relapse prevention in the management of schizophrenia, and can reduce inpatient stays. Recently, the long-acting atypical antipsychotic paliperidone long-acting injectable (PLAI), a once-monthly LAI antipsychotic, was approved for treatment o...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-013-0050-0
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act instituted pay-for-performance programs, including Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP), designed to encourage hospital quality and efficiency. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD:While these programs have been evaluated with respect to their implications for care quality a...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-017-0357-3
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is obscurity regarding how US hospitals determine patients' charges. Whether insurance status influences a patient's hospital charge has not been explored. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine whether hospitals charge patients differently based on their insurance status. METHODS:Thi...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-017-0308-z
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Conventional intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer (BC) has limitations in establishing a definitive diagnosis of metastasis intraoperatively, leading to an unnecessary second operation. The one-step nucleic amplification assay (OSNA) provides accurate intraoperative diagnosis and...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-016-0235-4
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes have been introduced in low- and middle-income countries to increase health service utilization and provide financial protection from high healthcare expenditures. OBJECTIVE:We assess the impact of household size on decisions to enroll in CBHI and demonstrate ...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-016-0222-9
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking is an expensive habit. Smoking households spend, on average, more than $US1000 annually on cigarettes. When a family member quits, in addition to the former smoker's improved long-term health, families benefit because savings from reduced cigarette expenditures can be allocated to other goods. For households i...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00148365-200403040-00009
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Healthcare reforms aim to change certain parts of the health system to improve quality of care, access, or financial sustainability. Traditionally, healthcare reform is understood as an action undertaken by a government at a national or local level. However, bottom-up changes can also lead to improvements in the healt...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-017-0315-0
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:From 2000 to 2004, primary care organisations (PCOs) in England were legally required to operate a prescribing incentive scheme for their general practices. A statutory framework specified the types of target, maximum rewards and use of 'good cause for failure' provisions that schemes should include. Our o...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00148365-200504020-00005
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in Taiwan. For males in Taiwan, it is the most dangerous cancer, with both the highest incidence and mortality rate. OBJECTIVE:To determine cancer-related medical care costs for long-term survivors of HCC. METHODS:The estimation of the lifetim...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00148365-200806010-00005
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:When pharmaceuticals are administered based on patient characteristics (for example weight or body surface area), an amount of product will be unused and must be disposed of. This wastage represents inefficiency and can distort decision making. METHODS:We present a method for the analysis of optimum fill vo...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0444-0
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One focus of health economics is the trade-off between limited resources and the (health) needs of a community. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), while being one of the most accepted evaluation methodologies in health economics, does not account for many important costs and benefits of health care interventions. Some...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biotech industry now accounts for a substantial and growing proportion of total R&D spending on new medicines. However, compared with the pharmaceutical industry, the biotech industry is financially fragile. This article illustrates the financial fragility of the biotech and pharmaceutical industries in the US and...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03256149
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The main purpose of this study is to measure the technical efficiency of twenty health systems in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to inform evidence-based health policy decisions. In addition, the effects of alternative stochastic frontier model specification on the empirical results are examin...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-016-0230-9
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Peristeen transanal irrigation system is intended to allow people with bowel dysfunction to flush out the lower part of the bowel as part of their bowel management strategy. Peristeen was the subject of an evaluation by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, through its Medical Technologies Evaluat...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0447-x
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) still represent a significant medical burden in children < 5 years of age in New Zealand (NZ), with marked disparities across socio-economic and ethnic groups. This cost-effectiveness evaluation aims to compare the potential impact o...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0387-5
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is limited understanding of the health economic implications of cervical screening with human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 genotyping. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of cervical cancer primary screening with a HPV-16/18 genotyping test which simultaneously detects...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-014-0135-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The in-hospital costs of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have not been well established. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the in-hospital costs of ECMO technology in both US and non-US settings for all patient types. DATA SOURCES:Systematic review of English-language articles, using the PubMed, Embase, Web of...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40258-015-0170-9
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Germany, the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) makes recommendations for ceiling prices of drugs based on an evaluation of the relationship between costs and effectiveness. To set ceiling prices, IQWiG uses the following decision rule: the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of a n...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/11586640-000000000-00000
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Updated treatment guidelines for atrial fibrillation (AF) have been released by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, and highlight a current shortfall in the prescription of anticoagulants to patients with AF for stroke prevention. OBJECTIVE:To design a budget impact model...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-015-0180-7
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If present increases in the rate of obesity persist, by 2015 half of the population in the US could be obese. This article presents the case that the reason for the epidemic is an 'infrastructure of obesity' that fuels the phenomenon. To control this epidemic, public policy in general and health policy in particular n...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00148365-200504030-00001
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the present work was to assess the level of evidence in economic evaluations of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure devices, and to test the complementarity of three different tools for assessing the quality of economic evaluations. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review of article...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0429-z
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Employers are increasingly relying on rewards programmes in an effort to promote greater levels of activity among employees; however, if enrolment in these programmes is dominated by active employees, then they are unlikely to be a good use of resources. OBJECTIVE:This study uses a stated-preference survey ...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-017-0327-9
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mental health problems are highly prevalent among college students in many countries. However, evidence suggests that many at-risk students do not receive professional help. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to understand which students are most likely to have unmet need for mental health services. Given increasing and wi...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-019-00529-9
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is wide consensus that the ways in which providers are reimbursed by third parties will affect their behaviour and, hence, the efficient use of limited resources and the performance of health systems. However, there seems to be little evidence on how payment to hospital-based doctors affects hospital performance...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central venous catheters are commonly used to deliver therapies and to monitor patients, and require securing at the point of percutaneous entry to avoid dislodgement. SecurAcath is a catheter securement device designed for central venous catheters. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, as a part of i...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0427-1
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Early awareness and alert systems have been established in many countries but evidence on their ability to accurately prioritize new medicines (for early assessment) is limited. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Swedish Early Awareness and Alert System identified and prioritized ...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0434-2
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mandatory nature of recommendations made by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK has highlighted inherent difficulties in the process of disinvestment in existing technologies to fund NICE-approved technologies. A lack of evidence on candidate technologies means that the proce...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03256137
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this review is to assess the current state of empirical research regarding the effectiveness of national pricing regulations of the patent-protected market for prescription pharmaceuticals. Effectiveness is understood to be the capacity of policies to have a desired impact on outcomes, such as hea...
journal_title：Applied health economics and health policy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40258-018-0437-z
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
