Abstract:
:We compared the inoculum effects for 109 recent clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group of cefoxitin, cefotetan, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and three beta-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam) and their penicillin-derived components. Bactericidal activity was assayed and morphologic changes were monitored for selected strains exhibiting a large inoculum effect. Ceftizoxime demonstrated the largest inoculum effect, followed by cefotetan and ceftriaxone. The large inoculum effect of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone was correlated with filamentous transformation at the high inoculum (10(8) CFU/ml) and lack of bactericidal activity suggesting drug destruction or inactivation. Cefotetan was bactericidal for B. fragilis isolates but not for other members of the B. fragilis group. Cefoxitin showed the least inoculum effect and was consistently bactericidal at high (10(8) CFU/ml), standard (10(6) CFU/ml), and low (10(4) CFU/ml) inocula, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam. Piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid showed an intermediate inoculum effect. The degree of inoculum effect observed generally correlated with bactericidal activity at all inocula.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Goldstein EJ,Citron DM,Cherubin CEdoi
10.1128/aac.35.9.1868subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-09-01 00:00:00pages
1868-74issue
9eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::6-Nonadecynoic acid (6-NDA), a plant-derived acetylenic acid, exhibits strong inhibitory activity against the human fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. In the present study, transcriptional profiling coupled with mutant and biochemical analyses were conducted usin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.05663-11
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 621 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae collected in Japan between 1995 and 2003 were studied for their susceptibilities to several antimicrobial agents, beta-lactamase production, and amino acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP 3). Over the four study periods (first period, 1995 t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01316-05
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work investigated the molecular events driving the evolution of the CTX-M-type β-lactamases by the use of DNA shuffling of fragments of the blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Analysis of a total of 51 hybrid enzymes showed that enzymatic activity could be maintained in most cases, yet hybrids that were active pos...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00891-17
更新日期:2017-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::A membrane fraction from Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338 was shown to catalyze in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis from uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d- glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine and uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine. Synthesized peptidoglycan was partially cross-linked by t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.6.6.672
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic effect of intranasally administered enviroxime was tested against naturally occurring common colds. The double-blind evaluation was carried out in Tecumseh, Mich., during a period when rhinoviruses are usually the principal pathogen. Rhinovirus transmission followed the typical pattern during this peri...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.27.1.102
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Chinese traditional medicine mao-bushi-saishin-to (MBST), which has anti-inflammatory effects and has been used to treat the common cold and nasal allergy in Japan, was examined for its effects on the therapeutic activity of a new benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648 (KRM), against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infe...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.3.514
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::All known DNA ligases catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester linkage between adjacent termini in double-stranded DNA via very similar mechanisms. The ligase family can, however, be divided into two classes: eubacterial ligases, which require NAD(+) as a cofactor, and other ligases, from viruses, archaea, and eukar...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.11.2766
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro effects of 19 dicationic diamidine derivatives against the proliferative tachyzoite stages of the apicomplexan parasites Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were investigated. Four compounds (DB811, DB786, DB750, and DB766) with similar structural properties exhibited profound inhibition of tachyzoite ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01236-07
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four large staphylococcal plasmids ranging in size from 31 to 82 kbp have been shown to mediate tetracycline resistance via an integrated copy of the tet(K)-encoding plasmid pT181 which was flanked by copies of the insertion element IS257. In two cases, IS257 elements interrupted the repC reading frame of pT181 and an...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.11.2542
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Racemic 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (BCH 189) is a dideoxycytidine analog having a sulfur atom in place of the 3' carbon. The enantiomers of BCH 189 have been resolved and found to be equipotent in antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. However, the (-)-enantiomer (3TC) is considerably les...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.1.202
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics and renal clearance of acyclovir were studied in humans. Acyclovir (5 mg/kg) was given as a 1-h infusion to three volunteers with normal renal function both before and after oral administration of probenecid (1 g). The kinetics were well described by a two-compartment ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.21.5.804
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. We have developed a poly(U) mRNA-directed aminoacylation/translation protein synthesis system composed of phenyl-tRNA synthetases, ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from Escherichia coli. This system, utilizing purified c...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00638-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quadruple mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PFDHFR) enzyme give rise to the highest level of pyrimethamine resistance leading to treatment failures. We describe here the presence of these quadruple mutations in a majority of P. falciparum isolates from Car Nicobar (Andaman and Nicobar) Is...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.50.4.1546-1549.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background antibiotic use (i.e., administration of antibiotics not directly related to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections) has been associated with a lower prevalence of genital C. trachomatis infection in a clinical setting. Associations with specific antibiotic types or with N. gonorrhoeae are...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.03932-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic bacterial biofilms, such as those found in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), exhibit increased antimicrobial resistance, due in part to the inherent architecture of the biofilm community. The protection provided by the biofilm limits antimicrobial dispersion and penetration and reduces the ef...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.03170-14
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous inoculation of a group A hemolytic streptococcus caused lethal infections in all of eight untreated monkeys. Intramuscular injections of clindamycin-2-phosphate in a daily dose of 25 mg/kg given in equal morning and afternoon doses for 10 days resulted in survival of all of eight monkeys. Similar results w...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.1.6.460
更新日期:1972-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells exhibit a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, indicating that resistance to potentially toxic compounds is mediated by their active efflux from the cell. We have sought to determine whether resistance to azoles in some strains of Candida species may be due in part t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.2.419
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biodegradable system of poly-D,L-dilactide releasing ciprofloxacin was assessed in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteomyelitis model after inoculation of the test pathogen into the left tibia of 76 New Zealand White rabbits; 31 were controls (group A), and 45 were implanted with the polymer at the infection site (group B...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01360-07
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compare the whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered in the same patient before (ABIsac_ColiS susceptible to colistin and rifampin only) and after (ABIsac_ColiR resistant to colistin and rifampin) treatment with colistin and rifampin. We decipher all the ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01314-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfide production has been proposed to be a universal defense mechanism against antibiotics in bacteria (K. Shatalin, E. Shatalina, A. Mironov, and E. Nudler, Science 334:986-990, 2011, doi:10.1126/science.1209855). To gain insight into the mechanism underlying sulfide protection, we systematically and comparatively ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00602-18
更新日期:2018-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported previously that methylenecyclopropane analogs of nucleosides have excellent activity against certain members of the herpesvirus family. A second generation, the 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl derivatives, were synthesized, and 18 compounds were tested for activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus types 1 ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.1039-1045.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone was compared with those of other recently introduced beta-lactam antimicrobial agents (cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and moxalactam) and with those of cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 227 strains of anaerobic bacteria. The data obtained in this investigation suggest th...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.22.2.338
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.25.5.586
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from mutations in the gene coding for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB). At least 95% of rifampin-resistant isolates have mutations in rpoB, and the mutations are clustered in a small region. About 40 distinct point mutations and in-frame insertions ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.44.12.3298-3301.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two TolC homologs, PM0527 and PM1980, were identified for Pasteurella multocida. A pm0527 mutant displayed increased susceptibility to a range of chemicals, including rifampin (512-fold) and acridine orange (128-fold). A pm1980 mutant showed increased susceptibility to rifampin, ceftazidime, and vancomycin. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00245-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparative in vitro activity of SMT19969, a novel, narrow-spectrum, nonabsorbable agent, was studied against 50 ribotype-defined Clostridium difficile strains, 174 Gram-positive and 136 Gram-negative intestinal anaerobes, and 40 Gram-positive aerobes. SMT19969 was one dilution more active against C. difficile iso...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01136-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of the siderophore cephalosporin cefiderocol is targeted against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the activity of cefiderocol against characterized carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01801-18
更新日期:2018-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Ketoconazole, an oral antimycotic imidazole drug, blocked the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain of Candida albicans under aerobic conditions with different substrates, such as NADH and succinate. This effect was a nonspecific inhibition of NADH oxidases and succinate oxidases. The addition of ketoconazol...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.21.6.919
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity against the coccidial pathogen Eimeria tenella in chickens has been discovered among alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. The clonidine analog 7-bromo-N-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-1H-indazol-6-amine was active in feed at 7.5 ppm, a concentration similar to the use levels of potent commercial agents, e.g., maduramicin. A...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.2.368
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We encountered three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus which were susceptible to netilmicin and arbekacin in the absence of beta-lactam antibiotics but which were resistant to them in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. One of these strains, KU5801, was used to further investigate t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.46.5.1516-1521.2002
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00