Abstract：
Background:The reports about valuable oligosaccharides in ginseng are quite limited. There is an urgent need to develop a practical procedure to detect and analyze ginseng oligosaccharides. Methods:The oligosaccharide extracts from ginseng were permethylated by solid-phase methylation method and then were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Orbitrap/MS. The sequence, linkage, and configuration information of oligosaccharides were determined by using accurate m/z value and tandem mass information. Several standard references were used to further confirm the identification. The oligosaccharide composition in white ginseng and red ginseng was compared using a multivariate statistical analysis method. Results:The nonreducing oligosaccharide erlose among 12 oligosaccharides identified was reported for the first time in ginseng. In the comparison of the oligosaccharide extracts from white ginseng and red ginseng, a clear separation was observed in the partial least squares-discriminate analysis score plot, indicating the sugar differences in these two kinds of ginseng samples. The glycans with variable importance in the projection value large than 1.0 were considered to contribute most to the classification. The contents of oligosaccharides in red ginseng were lower than those in white ginseng, and the contents of maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, maltoheptaose, maltooctaose, maltononaose, sucrose, and erlose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in red ginseng. Conclusion:A solid-phase methylation method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was successfully applied to analyze the oligosaccharides in ginseng extracts, which provides the possibility for holistic evaluation of ginseng oligosaccharides. The comparison of oligosaccharide composition of white ginseng and red ginseng could help understand the differences in pharmacological activities between these two kinds of ginseng samples from the perspective of glycans.
journal_name
J Ginseng Resjournal_title
Journal of ginseng researchauthors
Li L,Ma L,Guo Y,Liu W,Wang Y,Liu Sdoi
10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
775-783issue
6eissn
1226-8453issn
2093-4947pii
S1226-8453(19)30162-9journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Background:Panax ginseng is regarded as one of the best compounds for promoting health, and it has been used traditionally as a medicinal herb. Recently, Korean Red Ginseng (RG) has been shown to protect skin from aging and wrinkling; it can also relieve atopic dermatitis and allergy symptoms. This study aimed to evalu...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.12.006
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been shown to have anti-aging effects in animal and clinical studies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ginseng exerts these effects remain unknown. Here, the anti-aging effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in rat testes was examined by system biology analysis. KRG water extrac...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.272
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a characterized component in red ginseng widely used in Korea and China. GRh2 exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its effects on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection have not been clarifi...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.06.002
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared the contents of ginsenosides depending on steaming conditions of red ginsengs to provide basic information for developing functional foods using red ginsengs. The red ginseng steamed eight times at 98℃ ranked atop the amounts of prosapogenins ever detected in red ginsengs (ginsenoside Rg2, Rg3, Rg5...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.102
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the calyx portion of the P. g...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.06.003
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a wide range of reactions in plant metabolism. Besides their physiological functions on primary and secondary metabolites, P450s are also involved in herbicide detoxification via hydroxylation or dealkylation. Ginseng as a perennial plant offers more sustainable solutions to ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.04.005
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Korean red ginseng (KRG) is used worldwide as a popular traditional herbal medicine. KRG has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Up-regulation of a cytoprotective protein, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, is considered to augment the cellular defense against ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.352
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this project, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC and related immune regul...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.010
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Panax ginseng is a well-known immune modulator, and there is concern that its immune-enhancing effects may negatively affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by worsening symptoms or increasing the risk of adverse effects from other drugs. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we evaluated the...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.006
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Compound K (CK) is a bioactive derivative of ginsenoside Rb1 in Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). Its biological and pharmacological activities have been studied in various disease conditions, although its immunomodulatory role in innate immunity mediated by monocytes/macrophages has been poorly understood. In...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2016.06.004
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods:To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizome between raw and...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized by resident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessive extracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now, there a...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.003
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is the most widely used "Qi-invigorating" herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.002
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Despite the large number of studies on ginseng, pharmacological activities of ginseng seed oil (GSO) have not been established. GSO is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to exert a therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)....
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have investigated the effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng (TSKRG) on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. TSKRG dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 value of about 81.1 μg/mL. In addition, TSKRG dose-dependently decreased thrombin-elevated the leve...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2013.37.176
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An light-emitting diode (LED)-based light source was used as a monochromatic light source to determine the responses of raw ginseng roots (Panax ginseng Meyer) to specific emission spectra with respect to the production of ginsenosides. The ginsenoside content in the ginseng roots changed in response to the LED light ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.198
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic liver disease, one of the most common diseases, typically arises from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, there is a pressing need for improved treatment strategies. Korean Red Ginseng has been known to have positive effect...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2016.11.004
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Method...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.009
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ginsenoside (ginseng saponin), the principal component of ginseng, is responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi using esculin agar, to produce β-glucosidase. We focused on the bio-transformation of ginsenoside. Phylogenetic analysis was perfo...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.291
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the steaming process on chemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative effect of Vietnamese ginseng. METHODS:Samples of powdered Vietnamese ginseng were steamed at 120°C for various times and their extracts were subjecte...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.015
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginseng may also be potentially valuable in treating cardiovascular diseases. Research concerning cardiovascular disease is focusing on purified individual ginsenoside constitue...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.16
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There seems to be some controversy about the effect of total ginseng saponin (TGS) on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the adrenal gland. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether TGS can affect the CA release in the perfused model of the adrenal medulla isolated from spontaneously hypertensive ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2011.35.2.176
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), the major active constituent of ginseng, improves insulin sensitivity and exerts antidiabetic effects. We tested whether the insulin-sensitizing and antidiabetic effects of G-Rb1 results from a reduction in ectopic fat accumulation, mediated by inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes. ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2014.11.004
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocotillol-type saponins are one kind of tetracyclic triterpenoids, sharing a tetrahydrofuran ring. Natural ocotillol-type saponins have been discovered in Panax quinquefolius L., Panax japonicus, Hana mina, and Vietnamese ginseng. In recent years, the semisynthesis of 20(S/R)-ocotillol-type saponins has been reported....
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.001
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Panax ginseng is a traditional herb used for medicinal purposes in eastern Asia. P. ginseng contains various ginsenosides with pharmacological effects. In this study, floralginsenoside A (FGA), ginsenoside Rd (GRD), and ginsenoside Re (GRE) were purified from P. ginseng berry. METHODS:Chemical structures of...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.005
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Longevity in medicine can be defined as a long life without mental or physical deficits. This can be prevented by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current conventional AD treatments only alleviate the symptoms without reversing AD progression. Recent studies demonstrated that Panax ginseng extract improves AD symptoms in pat...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.12.008
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormal changes in skin color induce significant cosmetic problems and affect quality of life. There are two groups of abnormal change in skin color; hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Hyperpigmentation, darkening skin color by excessive pigmentation, is a major concern for Asian people with yellow-brown skin. A...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2014.10.006
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some differences have been reported in the biotransformation of ginsenosides, probably due to the types of materials used such as ginseng, enzymes, and microorganisms. Moreover, most microorganisms used for transforming ginsenosides do not meet food-grade standards. We investigated the statistical conversion...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.008
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Panax ginseng has been used as Korean medicine for various diseases. It has antioxidant, hypotensive, sedative, analgesic, and endocrine activities. Dammarane-type triterpenes from the plant have various beneficial effects. METHODS:A dammarane-type triterpene saponin was isolated from P. ginseng root throug...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2016.10.002
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Blind and excessive application of fertilizers was found during the cultivation of Panax notoginseng in fields, as well as increase in root rot disease incidence. METHODS:Both "3414" application and orthogonal test designs were performed at Shilin county, Yunnan province, China, for NPK (nitrogen, phosphoru...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.003
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
