Abstract:
:Puberty is a developmental period characterized by a broad range of physiologic changes necessary for the acquisition of adult sexual and reproductive maturity. These changes mirror complex modifications within the central nervous system, including within the hypothalamus. These modifications result in the maturation of a fully active hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the neuroendocrine cascade ensuring gonadal activation, sex steroid secretion, and gametogenesis. A complex and finely regulated neural network overseeing the HPG axis, particularly the pubertal reactivation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, has been progressively unveiled in the last 3 decades. This network includes kisspeptin, neurokinin B, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons as well as glial cells. In addition to substantial modifications in the expression of key targets, several changes in neuronal morphology, neural connections, and synapse organization occur to establish mature and coordinated neurohormonal secretion, leading to puberty initiation. The aim of this review is to outline the current knowledge of the major changes that neurons secreting GnRH and their neuronal and glial partners undergo before and after puberty. Emerging mediators upstream of GnRH, uncovered in recent years, are also addressed herein. In addition, the effects of sex steroids, particularly estradiol, on changes in hypothalamic neurodevelopment and plasticity are discussed.
journal_name
Endocrinologyjournal_title
Endocrinologyauthors
Naulé L,Maione L,Kaiser UBdoi
10.1210/endocr/bqaa209subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00issue
1eissn
0013-7227issn
1945-7170pii
5974116journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ENDOCRINOLOGY文献大全abstract::The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of severe hyperthyroidism on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Recently, it was shown in mice that increasing doses of T(3) up-regulate hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B, type I, resulting in increased clearance of plasma HDL-C. He...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2007-1387
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of somatostatin (SRIF) on the production and release of TSH and its subunits have been investigated in bovine anterior pituitary monolayer cultures. SRIF caused a dose-dependent inhibition of TSH and subunit release by TRH, with a half-maximal effective dose of 3 X 10(-8) M. This effect was time dependent ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-112-6-1937
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of hypothalamic histaminergic neurons in the stress-induced release of peripheral catecholamines was studied in conscious, freely moving male rats. Blood samples were obtained via a catheter in a femoral artery. Intracerebroventricular infusion of histamine (HA; 30 micrograms) increased the plasma conc...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-126-3-1430
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three transforming growth factor-beta protein isoforms (TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3) have been identified in mammals. These isoforms appear to have similar actions on cell growth in various tissues. In rat pituitary tissue, TGFbeta1 is localized in PRL-secreting lactotropes and has been shown to act on lactotrope...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.141.4.7419
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormones (THs) are charged and iodinated amino acid derivatives that need to pass the cell membrane facilitated by thyroid hormone transmembrane transporters (THTT) to exert their biological function. The importance of functional THTT is affirmed by the devastating effects of mutations in the human monocarboxy...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2015-1933
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aldosterone plays a major role in regulating sodium and potassium flux in epithelial tissues such as kidney and colon. Recent evidence suggests that serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) is induced by aldosterone and acts as a key mediator of aldosterone action in epithelial tissues. Induction of SGK messen...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.142.4.8095
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endotoxin has been shown to stimulate GH secretion in human and sheep. However, changes in hypothalamic neurohormones involved in the GH regulation by endotoxin have never been studied in vivo. In sheep it is possible to collect hypophysial portal blood (HPB) and quantify GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.139.6.6072
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that depressed duodenal calcium absorption in the streptozotocin diabetic rat is the consequence of diabetes rather than nephrotoxicity of the diabetogenic agent causing abnormal renal vitamin D metabolism. We treated streptozotocin diabetic rats with insulin and compared their duodenal calciu...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-100-1-67
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels are increased in insulin-resistant humans and correlate with severity of insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Quantitative Western blotting (qWestern) has been the most accurate method for serum RBP4 measurements, but qWestern is technically complex and labor intensiv...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2011-1750
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amplification of insulin secretion by cAMP is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Using selective activators, we determined how each effector influences the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) and insulin secretion in mouse islets. Alone PKA activator ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2014-1247
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal tract of the pig undergoes enhanced growth as well as morphological and functional differentiation during the perinatal period. Concurrently, porcine neonates ingest physiologically significant amounts of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) via colostrum and milk. The objectives of this study wer...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-126-2-1125
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) catalyzes the reversible conversion of estrone into estradiol. The complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for rat 17HSD type 1 was cloned from a commercial rat ovarian cDNA library, using human 17HSD type 1 cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequence extends for 1160 basepairs (bp), ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.135.4.7925110
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) have been shown to play an important role in modulating LH secretion. One mechanism by which the ARH NPY system may regulate LH secretion is by modulating GnRH neuronal function. Thus, the present study examined whether the ARH NPY system pr...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.140.11.7093
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify genes involved in regulated insulin secretion, we have established and characterized two sublines derived from the mouse pancreatic beta-cell line MIN6, designated B1 and C3. They have a similar insulin content, but differ in their secretory properties. B1 responded to glucose in a concentration- and cell ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2002-220916
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activating ras point mutations are frequently found in skeletal muscle tumors such as rhabdomyosarcomas. In this study we investigated the impact of two different H-ras mutants in skeletal muscle differentiation: RasV12, a constitutively active form, and RasV12C40, a mutant deficient in Raf1 activation. Stably transfe...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2007-0657
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a key modulator of glycolysis-gluconeogenesis. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism behind hormonal and nutritional regulation of PFKFB expression, we have cloned and characterized...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2005-1506
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily produced in the previously unidentified X/A endocrine cells of the stomach. Extensive studies have focused on the effects of ghrelin on growth hormone release and appetite regulation. However, the mechanisms regulating ghrelin secretion are less understood. In the present study, ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2012-1040
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here the desensitization and internalization of the relaxin receptor (RXFP1) after agonist activation in both primary human decidual cells and HEK293 cells stably transfected with RXFP1. The importance of beta-arrestin 2 in these processes has also been demonstrated. Thus, in HEK-RXFP1 cells the desensitizat...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2008-1385
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an important role as an early intermediary between the insulin and IGF receptors and downstream molecules that participate in insulin and IGF-I signal transduction. Here we employed an antisense oligonucleotide (IRS-1AS) to inhibit whole-body expression of IRS-1 in vivo and eva...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2004-0778
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Jar choriocarcinoma cell line was used as an in vitro placental cell model to determine the effects of polypeptide growth factors on hCG beta secretion. Epidermal and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) treatment of serum-free cultures stimulated hCG beta secretion 2.5- and 4.0-fold over basal serum-free control levels...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-123-6-2696
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological amounts of 25(s),26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were administered to normal, vitamin D-replete rats in order to assess its pharmacological activity. Treatment with 25(s),26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (20 micrograms/day for 1 week) caused a marked and significant fall in the circulating concentration of 1,25-dihydroxy...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-121-5-1671
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of increasing concentrations of leucine (0.2, 2.0, and 15.0 mmol/liter) on glucagon secretion from the perfused rat pancreas were examined at various glucose levels (0, 3.3, or 8.3 mmol/liter) and in the absence or presence of either arginine (5.0 mmol/liter) or glutamine (10.0 mmol/liter). At a low glucos...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-116-3-1168
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite a wealth of evidence for CRH mediating stress-induced suppression of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator, and hence reproductive dysfunction, the site and mechanism of action remains elusive. The locus coeruleus (LC), a prominent noradrenergic brain stem nucleus, is innervated by CRH neurons, mediates severa...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2004-1053
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In adult rats hysterectomized on day 8 of pseudopregnancy, the mean serum progesterone (P) level fell from 88 ng/ml on day 8 to 44 ng/ml on day 15 (n = 61). In response to a single sc injection of 0.5 ml of a specific antiserum to LH (LHAS) on day 10, the P level fell to less than 10 by day 15 in 29 of 33 rats; howeve...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-119-4-1750
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ACTH produced a 75% increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis from endogenous precursors in isolated cells prepared from the rat Snell adrenocortical carcinoma 494. On the addition of 24- and 25-hydroxycholesterol to the tumor cells, the rate of pregnenolone synthesis increased 10-fold but was insensitive to the presence ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-105-5-1230
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have demonstrated that passive immunization of neonatal rats to GRF inhibited their somatic growth through the suppression of GH secretion. In this study, we investigated the changes in pituitary GRF receptor (GRFR) expression in GRF antibody (GRF-ab) treated rats. Neonatal rats were treated from day 1 ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.137.6.8641220
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence indicates that catecholamines may directly alter anterior pituitary function. In the present study, an in vitro perifusion system was used to investigate whether catecholamines affect the gonadotrope. Pituitary tissue from castrated ram lambs was incubated in the presence of epinephrine (EPI), norepine...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-118-6-2425
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the contribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors types 1 and 2 (CRF(1) and CRF(2)) in mediating the ACTH response to shock, alcohol injection, or endotoxemia in the rat. Peptidic (Astressin B and Astressin(2)-B) and nonpeptidic (NBI 30775) CRF antagonists were injected iv before the s...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2002-0117
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGE(2)) plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contractions. Classically, PGE(2) stimulates contractions via EP1 and EP3 receptors, whereas EP2 and EP4 maintain quiescence. Labor involves a change from myometrial quiescence to contractions with a shift from anti- to proinflammat...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2013-1761
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady state levels of the mRNAs for alpha 1B, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors (alpha 1BAR, beta 1AR, beta 2AR) were quantified by DNA excess solution hybridization assays in the heart, lungs, and liver of rats. Tissues for RNA extraction were obtained from euthyroid and thyroidectomized rats and from thyroide...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-129-2-1116
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00