Abstract：
:Attentional biases are thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders. Recent studies indicate eye-tracking techniques could overcome methodological issues of traditional reaction time bias measures and be used to reliably quantify biases in attention. In the current study, 50 participants with a current depressive disorder and 31 never-depressed individuals performed a free-viewing eye-tracking paradigm with two counterbalanced blocks; one contained four-by-four arrays of happy and neutral faces, the other arrays of sad and neutral faces. Average dwell-times were analyzed, and internal consistency was examined. Dwell-time measures had good to excellent internal consistency. Both groups were characterized by increased dwell-time to happy compared to neutral faces (i.e., bias toward positive faces). Never-depressed participants showed a bias away from sad stimuli (i.e., increased dwell-time to neutral compared to sad faces), that was not evident in the depressed group. Moreover, depressed individuals dwelled longer on sad stimuli than never-depressed participants. Within depressed participants, bias to sad faces was associated with both childhood trauma and recent negative life events. Results demonstrate that an attentional bias towards sad faces in depression can be reliably assessed using free-viewing eye-tracking technique and its magnitude is exacerbated by the experience of stressful life events.
journal_name
Behav Res Therjournal_title
Behaviour research and therapyauthors
Klawohn J,Bruchnak A,Burani K,Meyer A,Lazarov A,Bar-Haim Y,Hajcak Gdoi
10.1016/j.brat.2020.103762subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
103762eissn
0005-7967issn
1873-622Xpii
S0005-7967(20)30216-3journal_volume
135pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Beck, Epstein, Harrison and Emery (unpublished manuscript, 1983) developed the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) to assess personality constructs that were considered possible vulnerability factors to reactive depression. Principal components and factor analyses of an expanded 93-item version of the SAS were performed w...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(94)00074-t
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abstract：:The psychological consequences of traumatic stress may last even into old age. In persons in their 60s and 70s who had been victims of political detention and torture four decades ago, we compared the outcome of narrative exposure therapy (NET) to that of psychoeducation (PED) only. From a group of 59 former political...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2006.12.006
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-one tension headache sufferers and 21 control subjects were exposed to a series of psychological stressors and an ischemic pain task, involving a tourniquet around the arm. Compared to control subjects, headache patients showed higher heart rates and evidence of more prolonged vasoconstriction in the hands and ...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(09)80008-9
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social phobics, anxious controls and non-patient controls took part in a brief videotaped conversation with a stooge in order to investigate the cognitive model of social phobia. Thoughts, behaviour, and attention during the conversation were assessed. Compared to the control groups, social phobics had more negative s...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(93)90024-o
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the contribution of three main cognitive factors (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily symptoms, and panic self-efficacy) in predicting panic disorder (PD) severity in a sample of patients with a principal diagnosis of panic disorder. It was hypothesized that ...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.005
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Knowledge of patients' in-session experiences that lead to symptom change in psychotherapy is limited. This study aims to investigate the within- and between-patient relationships between three in-session processes in psychotherapy (coping skills, therapeutic relationship quality, and emotional involvement) a...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the advent of DSM-III-R, the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) shifted in emphasis from the autonomic arousal to the cognitive component of the disorder, namely worry. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire was developed to assess the trait of worry and has proven to be a reliable and valid m...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(92)90093-v
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abstract：:Individuals with Hoarding Disorder (HD)-a dangerous problem and public health concern-are often ambivalent about treatment. Furthermore, family members of those with HD report high levels of distress and often attempt to intervene unsuccessfully. The current study reports outcome data from a pilot study of a new train...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.016
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent priming studies (e.g. Hermans, De Houwer & Eelen, 1994, Cognition and Emotion, 8, 515-533) have demonstrated that response latencies to target stimuli are mediated by the affective relation between prime and target. The time needed to evaluate or pronounce targets is facilitated if preceded by similarly valence...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This essay describes the current status of our conceptualization and assessment of catastrophic thoughts in panic disorder, an area that is more heterogeneous than may first appear. It is suggested that a heuristic approach would involve assessing both 'state' catastrophic cognitions (automatic thoughts) and the under...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(95)00075-5
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite epidemiological reports indicating an association between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and cannabis use disorders (CUD), there is a paucity of research exploring the nature of this relationship. The present investigation examined potential moderators of this relationship that are consistent with a tension-red...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.002
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effectiveness of in vivo exposure and vicarious exposure in reducing children's phobic anxiety and avoidance of water was investigated. Forty-eight water phobic children between the ages of 3 and 8 yr were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) in vivo exposure plus vicarious exposure (IVVE); (2) vicarious e...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(93)90037-u
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00089-7
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized to explore expected, experienced and recalled pain, and anxiety. Subjects were 138 children (5-17 yr) who were attending an outpatient laboratory for venipuncture. They reported state anxiety and expected visual analogue scale pain prior to having venipuncture. Followi...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(92)90134-3
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an acceptable, low-intensity treatment in a stepped care model for insomnia. We tested the application of self-help CBT-I in a Chinese population. 312 participants with self-report of insomnia associated with distress or daytime impairment 3 or more nights...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.002
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research suggests that socially anxious individuals interpret ambiguous social information in a more threatening manner compared to non-anxious individuals. Recently, studies have experimentally modified interpretation and shown that this subsequently affected anxiety in non-anxious individuals. If similar pr...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.012
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One line of research has examined attentional bias as a potential maintenance factor in social anxiety using cognitive experiment paradigms. The present study sought to examine the utility of the inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm for assessing attentional bias in social anxiety. Unlike other existing paradigms suc...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.001
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among anxiety sensitivity, the experience of frequent, spontaneous panic attacks, and pulmonary function in individuals with asthma. Ninety-three asthmatics participated by completing a battery of questionnaires and a spirometric assessment. Twenty-three percen...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(94)90004-3
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, a modified semantic priming paradigm was used to test whether panic patients more strongly associate catastrophes with anxiety symptoms than nonclinical subjects. Subjects named catastrophic target words (e.g. infarction) and target words neutral to anxiety themes (e.g. weekend) that followed aud...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.007
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2008.03.002
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.014
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(93)90098-f
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is of great interest to public health, due to the high burden it places on both the individual and society. We meta-analyzed randomized-controlled trials to examine the effectiveness of early trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment (TFCBT) for preventing chronic PTSD. System...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined cognitive content-specificity in future-event predictions associated with symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). College undergraduates (N=284) completed measures of depression, GAD, and rated their certainty that a given set of positive and negative outcomes were or ...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.009
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative contribution of the instructions and the music to the effects of the Musical Mood Induction Procedure (MMIP) were investigated. Using an experimental procedure which minimised covert experimenter bias, subjects performed under both elation and depression mood inductions in one of four conditions: music pr...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(91)90011-q
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Controlled studies have established manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment of choice for bulimia nervosa. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is limited. On average, only 50% of patients cease being eating and purging. Of the remainder, some show partial improvement, whereas a small nu...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on hypochondriacal patients' tendency to overestimate the seriousness of bodily sensations and health risks [Barsky, A. J., Wyshak, G. & Klerman, G. L. (1990). The Somatosensory Amplification Scale and its relationship to hypochondriasis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 24, 323-334; Warwick, H. M. C., & Salkovs...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present an approach to draw multiple and powerful inferences for each data aspect of single-case ABAB phase designs: level, trend, variability, overlap, immediacy, and consistency of data patterns. We show step-by-step how effect size measures can be calculated for each data aspect and subsequently integrated as te...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2019.103414
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with treatment-resistant depression received up to 8 sessions of metacognitive therapy (MCT) targeting attentional control, rumination, worry, and metacognitive beliefs. A baseline period was followed by weekly sessions with follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months post treatment. Large and statistically sign...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
