Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The ongoing crisis related to non-medical use of opioids makes it of continued importance to understand the risk factors for opioid addiction, the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of opioid exposure and to seek potential avenues for therapy. Pre-clinical rodent models have been critical to advancing understanding of opioid consequences for decades, but have been mostly limited to drug delivery by injection or by oral dosing. Inhalation, a significant route for many human users, has not been as well-established. METHOD:We adapted an e-cigarette based exposure system, previously shown efficacious for delivery of other drugs to rats, to deliver heroin vapor. Effectsin vivo were assessed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using a warm-water assay for anti-nociception and an implanted radiotelemetry system for evaluating changes in body temperature and spontaneous activity rate. RESULTS:Inhalation of vapor created by heroin 100 mg/mL in the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle significantly slowed tail-withdrawal from a 52 °C water bath, bi-phasically altered activity, and increased temperature in male and female rats. Inhalation of heroin 50 mg/mL for 15 min produced significant effects, as the lower bound on efficacy, whereas inhalation of heroin 100 mg/mL for 30 min produced robust effects across all endpoints and groups. CONCLUSIONS:This work shows that e-cigarette devices deliver psychoactive doses of heroin to rats, using concentrations of ∼50-100 mg/mL and inhalation durations of 15-30 min. This technique may be useful to assess the health consequences of inhaled heroin and other opioid drugs.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Gutierrez A,Creehan KM,Taffe MAdoi
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108993subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-15 00:00:00pages
108993eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
S0165-0270(20)30416-7journal_volume
348pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have designed a special dynamometer for measuring mouse forelimb muscle strength and endurance. The device exploits a mouse's tendency to grasp a horizontal metal bar while suspended by its tail. A threshold value for the magnitude and duration of force that the mouse can exert is obtained by first allowing the ani...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(95)00049-6
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Military personnel and civilians living in areas of armed conflict have increased risk of exposure to blast overpressures that can cause significant hearing loss and/or brain injury. The equipment used to simulate comparable blast overpressures in animal models within laboratory settings is typically very la...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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abstract：:A flow rate monitor system for constant perfusion of media for maintaining physiological preparations, particularly in vitro brain slices, is described. The system consists of 3 components: the counter with a drip rate meter and alarm; a drop sensor; and a remote DC power supply. It provides accurate and immediate rea...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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abstract：:We have developed a superfusion method utilizing an open-volume microfluidic device for administration of pharmacologically active substances to selected areas in brain slices with high spatio-temporal resolution. The method consists of a hydrodynamically confined flow of the active chemical compound, which locally st...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.08.012
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To map and quantify the proton exchange rate (kex) of brain tissues using improved omega plots in ischemic stroke patients and to investigate whether kex can serve as a potential endogenous surrogate imaging biomarker for detecting the metabolic state and the pathologic changes due to ischemic stroke. NEW M...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.08.021
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.06.005
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.04.021
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(97)00144-1
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.015
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.01.014
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.026
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.018
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(86)90118-4
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
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