Abstract：
:Polymyxins are increasingly used as a last resort for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics/toxicodynamics (PK/PD/TD) of parenteral and inhaled polymyxins. This mini-review provides an overview of polymyxin chemistry, different dose definitions, and the latest research on their clinical use, toxicities, and PK/PD after intravenous and inhalation administration. Optimising the PK/PD/TD of polymyxins in patients is critical to maximise their efficacy while minimising toxicities and the emergence of resistance.
journal_name
Int J Antimicrob Agentsjournal_title
International journal of antimicrobial agentsauthors
Lin YW,Aye SM,Rao G,Zhou QT,Chan HK,Li Jdoi
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106199subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
106199issue
6eissn
0924-8579issn
1872-7913pii
S0924-8579(20)30405-2journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactams is increasing worldwide among Escherichia coli and has been linked to a small number of emergent clones (e.g. ST38, ST131 and ST405) recovered from extraintestinal infections in community and hospital settings. There are, however, limited data about the relative contributions ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.01.006
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial osteomyelitis is a major clinical challenge in human and veterinary patients. This infection is an infrequent but feared complication of orthopedic surgery and is mainly caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dalbavancin (dosed for ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106021
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential host defence molecules found in a wide variety of species and are promising antibacterial therapeutic candidates. Focusing on the human cathelicidin peptide LL-37, the aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of action and antimicrobial activities of a library ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.031
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polymyxin antibiotics [colistin and polymyxin B (PMB)] are increasingly used as a last-line option for the treatment of infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Despite having similar structures and antibacterial activity in vitro, the two clinically available polymyxins have very di...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.010
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro and clinical data were analysed to evaluate the susceptibility profile of itraconazole in light of the new cut-off points. The in vitro activity of itraconazole was compared with that of eight comparators against 119 Candida bloodstream isolates from 2015 to 2018. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.06.019
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) was determined by population analysis using six fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa applied to fluoroquinolone-containing agar plates. The MPCs were 3 mg/L and 9.5 mg/L for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. At high concentrations of eithe...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.005
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria has become a major public health problem, eliciting renewed interest in colistin, an old antibiotic that is now routinely used to treat MDR bacterial infections. Here we investigated whether colistin use has affected the prevalence of infections due to ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.010
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An open, multicentre study was performed in hospital in-patients at a total of 12 German hospitals to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of sulbactam combined with mezlocillin, piperacillin or cefotaxime in severe bacterial infections. A total of 155 patients were recruited into the study, of whom 48 were suffe...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro antibacterial activity of BAY 12-8039, a novel 8-methoxy-quinolone, was compared with those of other quinolones, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime and erythromycin against species commonly implicated in respiratory tract infections as well as viridans group streptococci. The new compound was highly acti...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(98)00020-x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triple therapy combining the protease inhibitor telaprevir with interferon-α and ribavirin is a promising new option for long-term treatment of hepatitis C. The interaction potential of telaprevir has not yet been fully elucidated. The in vitro potency of telaprevir to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) and breast c...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.003
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) was compared with that of ten other agents against 100 clinical isolates in the Bacteroides fragilis group. Trovafloxacin was the most active quinolone (MIC(90), 1 microg/ml) followed by sparfloxacin (MIC(90), 8 microg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC(90)...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(97)00014-9
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen predominantly associated with nosocomial infections. The World Health Organization's data on antibiotic-resistant 'priority pathogens' reports carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii as a pathogen which is in critical need of research and development of new antimicrobials...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.009
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five years after its introduction, ceftazidime remains the most active cephalosporin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nevertheless, resistance arises by upregulation of AmpC beta-lactamase, by efflux or, less often, via acquisition of additional beta-lactamases. Mutational resistance is especially prevalent amon...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.03.021
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Overprescribing antibiotics for patients with no bacterial infection is of growing global concern. It is important for timely Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) intervention to discontinue antibiotics for patients whose symptoms can be explained by non-infective causes, and without availability of bacte...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.008
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries has been identified as a global public health priority. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in the industrialised world is routinely accompanied by regular virological monitoring. By contrast, the implementation of ART in resource-limited s...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.01.003
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PCR amplification of 55 strains of Enterobacter cloacae indicated 51 of them had amp C structural gene verified by DNA sequence and Southern blotting. All PCR products were cleaved into 666- and 328-bp fragments by Kpn1 restriction enzyme. Imipenem was the most potent inducer for mRNA expression of amp C gene and beta...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00414-9
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Mixed hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) infections are clinically important as different genotypes have varied sensitivities to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). A high prevalence of mixed GT infections was observed in individuals who inject drugs and had multiple HCV exposures. The prevalence of mixed ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.06.001
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 89 patients, (>18 years), with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and inflammatory findings as well as the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis confirmed by DNA/RNA DIGENE hybridization method and/or by isolation, McCoy culture and Lugol stain in expressed prostatic secretion or in voided bladder urine collected ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00056-6
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are among the most difficult to treat emerging multidrug-resistant organisms. Major limitations exist in surveillance needed to address CRE, particularly in areas with inadequate resources. We utilised optimised strategies to search for data on carbapenem susceptibility of...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.019
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this first multi-centre study in Scotland, 1028 consecutive Gram-negative and staphylococci strains were obtained from four major teaching hospitals. E. coli was the most common organism among both intensive care units (ICUs) (39%) and non-ICU strains (46.6%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among E. coli w...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0924-8579(96)00310-x
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to the ever-increasing number of immunocompromised patients, both localised and life-threatening systemic fungal infections are on the increase. Conventional treatment is of limited help, not in the least due to a less optimum benefit-to-risk ratio. Moreover, emerging pathogens with reduced antimicrobial susceptib...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00323-x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system has a mortality rate exceeding 90%. We describe a 29-year-old woman with a medical history of chronic polyarthritis who developed a proven rhinocerebral Aspergillus fumigatus infection refractory to first-line treatment with liposomal amphotericin B. The patient res...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.006
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of imipenem disk-diffusion susceptibility results of 2652 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 7596 Escherichia coli isolated during the period 2000-2005 were analysed. Screening for production of metallo-beta-lactamases was performed using the EDTA-synergy method. The percentage rate of K. pneumoniae is...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.010
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance to chemotherapy is a common clinical problem in patients with infectious diseases as well as in patients with cancer. During treatment of infections or malignant tumors, the drug targets of prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms and neoplastic cells are often found to be refractory to a variety of drugs t...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00203-6
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of severe group A streptococcal infection and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome has increased since 1986. In contrast to earlier times, aggressive streptococal infection is now more likely to affect patients between 20 and 50 years of age who do not have predisposing underlying diseases. Its viral-l...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0924-8579(94)90029-9
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we identified 95 Malassezia isolates by morphological and biochemical criteria and assessed the in vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole by broth microdilution against these species using slightly modified Leeming-Notman medium. The Malassezia isolates were identifie...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.016
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent basic and clinical research efforts have shed more light on the taxonomy, microbiology, epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas species. Of all anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides is the most frequently isolated pathogen from clinical specimens, includi...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(99)00164-8
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Very few studies have characterised community-onset polymicrobial bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of polymicrobial BSI as compared with monomicrobial BSI in a cohort of patients with community-onset BSIs. METHODS:This prospective cohort study en...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.09.015
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis (TB) causes 25% of all deaths among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Rifampicin (RIF) is a potent inducer of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, and co-administration with dolutegravir (DTG) reduces DTG exposure; this can be overcome by doubling the DTG ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.04.009
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used in the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Guidelines currently recommend vancomycin be administered by intermittent infusion, despite recent research suggesting that continuous infusion (CI) may be associated with lower rates of vancomyc...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.04.013
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
