Abstract：
:Falls over railings are frequent case scenarios forensic experts are confronted with. An important issue is the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental falling scenarios. From a biomechanical point of view, this is a challenging task and should be addressed in a multifactorial approach. This work presents a simplified mechanical model in terms of a cranked rod that can be used in cases without relevant dynamic components in terms of pushing or jumping. If the anti-slip and the anti-tilt condition are violated, the possibility for a person to get over a railing should be assumed and investigated in more detail. Because our approach also involves uncertainties, the formulae should be understood to be part of a multifactorial approach. Numerical simulation, experimental reconstruction, injury pattern, and trace analysis can yield additional substantial connecting facts.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Muggenthaler H,Hubig M,Meierhofer A,Mall Gdoi
10.1007/s00414-020-02432-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
245-251issue
1eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596pii
10.1007/s00414-020-02432-8journal_volume
135pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:To better characterize the morphologic changes in electrocution, morphologic changes in the hearts of 21 subjects, who died instantaneously of electrocution, were compared to the hearts of decedents with different types of death. Sixteen myocardial samples per heart were processed for histological examination, and sec...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-005-0011-8
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scars of human skin can on occasions provide a very useful ancillary method of identification of an unknown deceased. If the age of any visible scars can be estimated objectively, then this might be of some assistance in the identification procedure. Melanocytes migrate into scar tissue as it ages and their number wit...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140100225
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is difficult to carry out toxicological investigations in biological samples collected from extensively decomposed bodies and to interpret obtained results as several pitfalls should be considered: redistribution phenomena, degradation of xenobiotics during the postmortem period, contamination by putrefaction fluid...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02267-3
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In forensic science, the unequivocal identification of the cellular origin of crime scene samples used for DNA profiling can provide crucial information for crime scene reconstruction. We have previously shown that various mRNA markers from genes with expression patterns specific for blood and saliva can be establishe...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0249-z
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether an individual has reached the age of 18 is of crucial importance in forensic age estimation practice. In some countries, the age threshold of 21 years is relevant as well. A completed mineralization of third molars is not a sufficient criterion for a diagnosis of a minimum age of 18 years with ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0415-y
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexual assault is a complex situation with medical, psychological, and legal aspects. Forensic experts play a major role in terms of forensic and gynecological medical examination and evidence collection in order to maintain the chain of custody. Victims should be examined by a specially trained medico-legal examiner ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1791-y
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment of age at death for identification purposes is a frequent and tough challenge for forensic pathologists and anthropologists. Too frequently, visual assessment of age is performed on well-preserved corpses, a method considered subjective and full of pitfalls, but whose level of inadequacy no one has yet ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1042-9
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The smoking cessation agent varenicline acts as a partial agonist on α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Although debated, several reports have linked varenicline therapy to an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and/or suicide. In addition, several non-fatal overdose cases have been reported. In this report, ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-012-0695-5
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the development of a species testing system based on the diversity of nucleotide sequences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among species. Five species, human, cow, pig, dog, and cat, were considered. The partial nucleotide sequences in 16S ribosomal RNA coding region were chosen as the target for di...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-006-0127-5
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, blood samples of 984 unrelated Han individuals were collected from Dongfang, Southern China, after informed consent. A total of 29 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) were analyzed, including DYF387S1, DYS19, DYS385ab, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS43...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1899-0
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on tooth mineralization has seldom been evaluated. This is important because SES can be used as a proxy for quantifying factors in the environmental that can impact mineralization but that can be difficult to measure directly, such as nutrition. OBJECTIVE:The objec...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1476-3
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Establishing individuality is an imperative aspect in any investigation procedure. At times, it becomes necessary to determine the sex of the individual to establish identity, and saliva stains found at the scene of crime are of major help in such cases. In the present study, we have determined the sex of the individu...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0285-8
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele frequencies of the Short tandem repeat systems HumVWA and HumACTBP2 were determined from 105 unrelated individuals from the area of Szeged, Hungary. A total of 8 alleles was detected for VWA, and 23 alleles were found for ACTBP2. In both systems no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. A com...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02432127
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many countries, assessment of legal age, also known as age of majority, has become increasingly important over the years. In China, individuals older than 18 years of age have full capacity regarding civil conduct and can be tried as an adult for criminal charges. Therefore, from a legal point of view, it is crucia...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1907-4
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of skull fractures is an important topic in legal medicine. In particular, the influence of boundary conditions is controversially discussed in the literature. A study focusing solely on this aspect was missing. This study aimed to investigate the influence of boundary conditions on the energy threshold ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02023-2
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diffeomorphic shape registration allows for the seamless geometric alignment of shapes. In this study, we demonstrated the use of a registration algorithm to automatically seed anthropological landmarks on the CT images of the pelvis. We found a high correlation between manually and automatically seeded landmarks. The...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-021-02501-6
更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult in forensic medicine. Forensic diatomology has been proposed to be useful in solving the diagnosis of drowning and considered to be a reliable indicator of the site of drowning. The Yangtze River and Jialing River are the main rivers in the Chongqing area (China),...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02297-x
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drowning remains one of the major causes of death in most developed countries despite the fact that many of the victims are known to be at least moderate swimmers as well as healthy directly before the event. Here, fatal arrhythmias and especially the long QT syndrome (LQTS) have been proposed as the underlying mechan...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-015-1259-2
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single gunshot (or multiple) does (do) not necessarily lead to immediate loss of consciousness or rapid neurological deficits, so the victim may be able to repeatedly pull the trigger before achieving the lethal effect. Despite multiple gunshot wounds can lead to the suspicious participation of other person to the d...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02085-2
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The estimation of the minimum postmortem interval can be implemented by age estimation of corpse-associated primary colonizers such as the blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In cases where pupae represent the oldest stages found on a body, their age must be added to the duration of prepupal development to estimate t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-013-0922-8
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Historically, radiographical identification has been done by comparing conventional antemortem and postmortem X-ray images. The advent of new technologies such as multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is making traditional antemortem examination increasingly less frequent. The authors present the results of MSCT study...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-007-0200-8
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele frequencies at the short tandem repeat (STR) loci HumACTBP2 and HumVWA were determined in 118 unrelated individuals from Northern Italy (Milan area). For locus HumACTBP2 (SE33) a total of 39 alleles was observed. Furthermore, two interalleles (N18m+N19m) and one allele (> N35) were found which were not observed...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050090
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic diversity indices and forensic parameters at 20 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci were evaluated in 233 unrelated individuals of Himachal Pradesh, India. In total, 255 alleles were observed with an average of 11.25 ± 0.88 alleles per locus. None of the loci deviated from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02254-8
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shooting incidents are often portrayed as resulting in a sometimes violent backwards displacement of the victim. This opinion is also not infrequently held by expert witnesses. The physical force responsible for this would be momentum (mass x velocity). The physics of momentum in ballistic injury is explained in detai...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF01369676
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insertion-deletion (INDEL) markers are very frequent in the human genome and present several advantages for population and forensic studies, such as low mutation rates, easy interpretation, small amplicons, easy genotyping, and the possibility of using multiplex PCR. The great adaptability of INDELs for amplification ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-011-0588-z
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant exposures are among the most frequently reported cases to poison control centres worldwide. This is a growing condition due to recent societal trends oriented towards the consumption of wild plants as food, cosmetics, or medicine. At least three general causes of plant poisoning can be identified: plant misident...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1460-y
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analysed 15 autosomal STRs in 200 unrelated individuals (102 males and 98 females) and 17 Y-STRs in 102 unrelated males living in Jharkhand, India, to establish parameters of forensic interest. The examined autosomal STRs revealed high combined power of exclusion (CPE) and combined power of discrimination (CPD) as ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1610-x
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histological staining technique using rhodizonate is also effective for the determination of the firing distance by examining the distribution and intensity of the staining reaction. The differentiation between absolute close-range shots and long-range shots is generally possible without any doubt. The method is n...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140100220
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In forensic pathology routine, fatal cases of contrast agent exposure can be occasionally encountered. In such situations, beyond the difficulties inherent in establishing the cause of death due to nonspecific or absent autopsy and histology findings as well as limited laboratory investigations, pathologists may face ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00414-013-0912-x
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of online software designed for genetic studies has been exponentially growing, providing numerous benefits to the scientific community. However, they should be used with care, since some require adjustments. The efficiency of two programs for haplogroup prediction was tested with 119 samples of known ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0404-1
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
