Abstract:
:Training in environmental health in general, and pediatric environmental health in particular, is inadequate. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry began to develop pediatric environmental health specialty units (PEHSUs) after noting the dearth of practitioners who could evaluate and manage children with exposures to environmental health hazards. The Environmental Protection Agency subsequently joined in providing support for what has developed into a network of 13 PEHSUs in North America. PEHSUs provide services to families, act as consultants to clinicians and public agencies, develop educational materials, and respond to natural disasters, including hurricanes and wildfires. PEHSUs are relatively easy to organize and should be replicable internationally.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Paulson JA,Karr CJ,Seltzer JM,Cherry DC,Sheffield PE,Cifuentes E,Buka I,Amler RWdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2008.154641subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-01 00:00:00pages
S511-6eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
99/S3/S511journal_volume
99 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored the relationship between social isolation and mortality in a nationally representative US sample and compared the predictive power of social isolation with that of traditional clinical risk factors. METHODS:We used data on 16,849 adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Su...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301261
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with their heterosexual peers, sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., queer, bisexual, lesbian, pansexual) have an elevated risk for unintended pregnancy.A team of social science and clinical researchers qualitatively documented the multilevel pathways leading to this disparity, particularly the contexts of contra...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305211
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A six-year prospective study provides estimates of functional status (independent, dependent, nursing home resident, or deceased) according to age, gender, and previous functional status for Caucasian elders initially living in the community. Half the cohort had sustained independence for the six years; of those depen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.3.266
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female condom is the only other barrier contraception method besides the male condom, and it is the only "woman-initiated" device for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Although studies demonstrate high acceptability and effectiveness for this device, overall use in the United States remains low. The f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.179598
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of market income inequality (income inequality before taxes and transfers) and income redistribution via taxes and transfers on inequality in longevity. METHODS:We used life tables to compute Gini coefficients of longevity inequality for all individuals and for individuals who surviv...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302849
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed cervical cancer incidence and mortality data in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women compared with women of other races. METHODS:We improved identification of AI/AN race, cervical cancer incidence, and mortality data using Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; our analyses focu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301681
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of life events and mental health impairment was studied in a community-based population of the elderly (n = 986). A crude estimate of the relative risk for mental health impairment given life events larger than or equal to 150 (as measured by the Schedule of Recent Events) was 2.14. A relative risk of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.11.1174
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (GLBT) Health Access Project is a unique public-private collaboration working to eliminate barriers to health care for the GLBT community, foster development of comprehensive, culturally appropriate health promotion policies and health care services for GLBT people and their...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.6.895
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper explores several critical assumptions and methodological issues arising in cost-effectiveness analyses of genetic screening strategies in the reproductive setting. METHODS:Seven issues that arose in the development of a decision analysis of alternative strategies for cystic fibrosis carrier scree...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.5.684
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined an outbreak of hepatitis A in eastern Sydney during 1991-1992. METHODS:Data were based on cases of hepatitis A in eastern Sydney residents reported from January 1991 to October 1992. RESULTS:Five hundred seventy cases of hepatitis A were reported. Of these, 515 (90%) occurred in male pa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.12.2039
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding mental health issues faced by young homeless persons is instrumental to the development of successful targeted interventions. No systematic review of recent published literature on psychopathology in this group has been completed. We conducted a systematic review of published research examining the preva...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301318
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A program was designed and evaluated to determine the feasibility of implementing an incentive campaign to promote safety restraint use, primarily among children up to age 13. During a five-month period, community residents were eligible to win monthly prizes and a grand prize by buckling up all automobile occupants w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.3.304
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent development of a sensitive and specific test (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for Toxocara canis infection has made it possible to study the epidemiology of this parasite in man. Antibody to Toxocara was measured in veterinarians, kennel workers, nurses, laboratory technicians, and clerical personnel in ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.12.1193
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether school or nonschool environments contribute more to childhood overweight, we compared children's gains in body mass index (BMI) when school is in session (during the kindergarten and first-grade school years) with their gains in BMI when school is out (during summer vacation). METHODS:T...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.080754
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mail survey of 1,650 elderly consumers evaluated prescription drug leaflets for antihypertensives, tranquilizers, and arthritis medicines. Of those who said they received the leaflet, 95 per cent read it, 76 per cent kept it, and 56 per cent discussed it with another person. Respondents taking antihypertensive medic...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.2.157
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors review the available empirical evidence from population-based studies of the association between perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination and health. This research indicates that discrimination is associated with multiple indicators of poorer physical and, especially, mental health status. However, the ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.2.200
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brazil is the world's fifth largest and sixth most populous nation. Its economy is varied, with strong manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and service sectors. Therefore, a wide variety of workplace hazards confronts its work force. This paper describes Brazil's occupational safety and health regulatory sche...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.12.1619
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated changes in community-based agencies following the implementation of the Medicare prospective payment system for hospitals utilizing DRGs (diagnosis-related groups). Data were collected in 1986 and 1987 from 771 community service providers. There were five major findings: 1) hospital discharge planners,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.7.840
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated environmental lead pollution and its impact on children's blood lead levels (BLLs) in a rural area of China. METHODS:In 2007, we studied 379 children younger than 15 years living in 7 villages near lead mines and processing plants, along with a control group of 61 children from another villa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.193656
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::While Job Corps Centers vary in size, location, and administrative structure, they are subject to uniform requirements for health services, established by federal regulation and must make individual decisions about whether to furnish dental care on-site or by some alternative arrangement in the community. Analysis of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.12.1294
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to analyze the smoking changes that have occurred among pregnant Black teenagers in Missouri. The study also examines changes in Black teenage pregnancy outcomes in relation to smoking behavior changes. METHODS:This analysis used computerized data files from the 1978 to 1990 Mis...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.8.1121
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::On June 20, 1997 a group of attorneys and health advocates proposed a "global settlement" of all public and private litigation against the tobacco industry. This agreement was controversial, and the subsequent implementing legislation was defeated. We sought to determine whether the global settlement represented a "mi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.2.218
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act became a contentious document in more than 30 states in 2001 and 2002. Controversy has focused on recommendations by the authors of the Model Act that seemed to accord higher priority to collective action in emergencies than to protecting privacy and property. This situation...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.3.397
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents data from an experimental project which distributed oral contraceptives, foam, and condoms to households in three rural areas of Haiti between January 1978 and March 1980. The contraceptive distribution had little apparent impact on traditional, prolonged breastfeeding patterns, and the percentage ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.8.835
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal mortality remains one of the most daunting public health problems in resource-poor settings, and reductions in maternal mortality have been identified as a prominent component of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The World Health Organization estimates that 515000 women die each year from pregn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.036715
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amont 338 women treated in Massachusetts with isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide = INH) for pulmonary tuberculosis, no excess cancer deaths occurred (8 observed vs 8.3 expected) after 23 years (12.9 mean) of follow-up. There was an excess of cancer deaths (54 vs 35.7) among 1,090 patients who did not receive INH, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.9.987
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This report describes trends in the rates of lower-extremity amputation and revascularization procedures and vascular disease risk factors. METHODS:We analyzed trends in National Hospital Discharge Survey data for 1979 through 1996 and in National Health Interview Study data for 1983 through 1994. RESULTS:...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.8.1222
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A random sample of 2266 women aged 50 to 69 years was used to investigate factors that predict attendance at a free Australian mammographic screening program. The most important predictor was receipt of a personal invitation letter. A letter that included an appointment time increased attendance 132-fold initially and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.10.1655
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because opinion leaders hold positions from which they may influence tobacco control efforts, this study examined their support for tobacco control policies and their involvement in tobacco control activities. METHODS:A telephone survey was administered to 712 California opinion leaders who were randomly se...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.8.1283
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption and prices of tobacco products in Canada and the United States are compared over the period 1981 to 1989. In Canada, consumption has fallen from a higher level and at a faster rate than in the United States (3.52 kg/adult to 2.48 kg/adult vs 3.21 kg/adult to 2.48 kg/adult). With respect to cost, the real t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.7.902
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00