Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Recreational use of hot tubs, whirlpools, and spas has increased within the past 3 decades. Injuries due to hot tubs, whirlpools, and spas can affect people of all ages and can result in serious disabilities. PURPOSE:This study examines nonfatal hot tub, whirlpool, and spa-related injuries on a national level. METHODS:The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to examine cases of nonfatal hot tub, whirlpool, and spa-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2007. Analysis was conducted from November 2008 to March 2009. RESULTS:An estimated 81,597 patients, aged <1-102 years, were treated in U.S. emergency departments for hot tub, whirlpool, and spa-related injuries, with the number increasing 160% over the 18-year study period (p<0.001). Nearly 73% of injuries occurred in patients aged >or=17 years. Lacerations were the most common diagnosis (27.8%) and accounted for 58% of all head injuries. Slips and falls were the most common mechanism of injury (47.6%); were more likely to result in an injury to the trunk than other body parts (OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.83, 3.39); and were more likely to result in concussions and fractures/dislocations than any other diagnosis (OR=7.813, 95% CI=2.194, 27.823 and OR=3.017, 95% CI=2.057, 4.425, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Given the increase in hot tub, whirlpool, and spa ownership and the 160% increase in injuries during the study period, more research is needed to identify the cause of the increase in hot tub, whirlpool, and spa-related injuries and what injury-prevention solutions and policies may be appropriate.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Alhajj M,Nelson NG,McKenzie LBdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2009.08.024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
531-6issue
6eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(09)00603-5journal_volume
37pub_type
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