Abstract:
:Behavioural, neuroimaging and neurophysiological approaches emphasise the active and constructive nature of visual perception, determined not solely by the environmental input, but modulated top-down by prior knowledge. For example, degraded images, which at first appear as meaningless 'blobs', can easily be recognized as, say, a face, after having seen the same image un-degraded. This conscious perception of the fragmented stimuli relies on top-down priming influences from systems involved in attention and mental imagery on the processing of stimulus attributes, and feature-binding [Dolan, R. J., Fink, G. R., Rolls, E., Booth, M., Holmes, A., Frackowiak, R. S. J., et al. (1997). How the brain learns to see objects and faces in an impoverished context. Nature, 389, 596-599]. In Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), face processing abnormalities are well-established, but top-down anomalies in various domains have also been shown. Thus, we tested two alternative hypotheses: (i) that people with ASC show overall reduced top-down modulation in visual perception, or (ii) that top-down anomalies affect specifically the perception of faces. Participants were presented with sets of three consecutive images: degraded images (of faces or objects), corresponding or non-corresponding grey-scale photographs, and the same degraded images again. In a passive viewing sequence we compared gaze times (an index of focal attention) on faces/objects vs. background before and after viewers had seen the undegraded photographs. In an active viewing sequence, we compared how many faces/objects were identified pre- and post-exposure. Behavioural and gaze tracking data showed significantly reduced effects of prior knowledge on the conscious perception of degraded faces, but not objects in the ASC group. Implications for future work on the underlying mechanisms, at the cognitive and neurofunctional levels, are discussed.
journal_name
Neuropsychologiajournal_title
Neuropsychologiaauthors
Loth E,Gómez JC,Happé Fdoi
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-04-01 00:00:00pages
1227-36issue
5eissn
0028-3932issn
1873-3514pii
S0028-3932(09)00499-0journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA文献大全abstract::When the primary visual cortex (V1) is damaged, there are a number of alternative pathways that can carry visual information from the eyes to extrastriate visual areas. Damage to the visual cortex from trauma or infarct is often unilateral, extensive and includes gray matter and white matter tracts, which can disrupt ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.022
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative study of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) cerebellar asymmetry and its relationship to handedness was conducted. Magnetic resonance images of the brain and behavioral data on a coordinated bimanual task were obtained from 16 chimpanzees and 11 capuchins. Chimpanzees display...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.010
更新日期:2007-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::This study asks whether lesions in different parts of the brain have different effects on the processing of words typically used to refer to objects with and without action affordances, for example tools and animal-related nouns. A cohort of neurological patients with focal lesions participated in a lexical decision p...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107384
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forward models, generated from the efference copies of motor commands, are thought to monitor the accuracy of ongoing movement. By comparing predicted with actual afferent information, forward models also aid in the differentiation of self-produced movements from externally generated ones. Many have proposed that a co...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.023
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is usually thought that numbers are represented on a "mental number line" on which the progression of smaller to larger numbers occurs from left to right suggesting a spatial representation of numbers. Reciprocally, number processing has been shown to influence space representation [Fischer, M. (2001). Number proce...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.027
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a dual task experiment, subjects were instructed to perform a single finger tapping task whilst either, concurrently memorizing words appearing randomly on a screen in front of them, or concurrently memorizing the positions of the words. Analysis of percentage change scores revealed a significant tapping hand by ta...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90074-4
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With large inter-individual variability, older adults show a decline in cognitive performance in dual-task situations. Differences in attentional processes, working memory, response selection, and general speed of information processing have been discussed as potential sources of this decline and its between-subject v...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.003
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Episodic memory provides information about the "when" of events as well as "what" and "where" they happened. Using functional imaging, we investigated the domain specificity of retrieval-related processes following encoding of complex, naturalistic events. Subjects watched a 42-min TV episode, and 24h later, made disc...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.025
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients developed a severe and long-lasting inability to recognize familiar faces (prosopagnosia) after a stroke, which was shown by CT scan to be confined to the right hemisphere. The area of softening involved the entire cortico-subcortical territory of distribution of the right posterior cerebral artery. These...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(86)90023-0
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Music and language processing share and sometimes compete for brain resources. An extreme case of such shared processing occurs in improvised rap music, in which performers, or 'lyricists', combine rhyming, rhythmic, and semantic structures of language with musical rhythm, harmony, and phrasing to create integrally me...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.022
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there is some evidence for a positive emotional bias in the content of confabulations in brain damaged patients, findings have been inconsistent. The present study used the semantic-associates procedure to induce false recall and false recognition in order to examine whether a positive bias would be found in ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.002
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging impacts memory formation and the engagement of frontal and medial temporal regions. However, much of the research to date has focused on the encoding of neutral verbal and visual information. The present fMRI study investigated age differences in a social encoding task while participants made judgments about the...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.006
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective attention to particular aspects of incoming sensory information is enabled by a network of neural areas that includes frontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and, in the visual domain, visual sensory regions. Although progress has been made in understanding the relative contribution of these different reg...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.009
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monkeys with crossed unilateral excitotoxic lesions of the anterior thalamus and unilateral inferotemporal cortex ablation were severely impaired at learning two tasks which required the integration of information about the appearance of objects and their positions in space. The lesioned monkeys were also impaired at ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the accelerated death of dopamine (DA) producing neurons. Numerous studies documenting cognitive deficits of PD patients have revealed impairments in a variety of tasks related to memory, learning, visuospatial skills, and attention. While there have been several studies documenti...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.033
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although studies of long-term outcomes of children born preterm consistently show low intelligence quotient (IQ) and visual-motor impairment, studies of their performance in language and reading have found inconsistent results. In this study, we examined which specific language and reading skills were associated with ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.038
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the defin...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.008
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding memory mechanisms is crucial in the study of infant social and cognitive development. Here, we show that the Nc ERP component, known to reflect frequency-related attentional and/or memory processes, is a good candidate to investigate infant recognition memory. Previous paradigms have only investigated th...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.08.023
更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-six patients with single focal lesions (35 frontal, 11 nonfrontal) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) under three conditions of test administration. The three conditions varied in the amount of external support provided via specificity of instructions. The WCST, while a multifactorial test,...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00093-7
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paralexic speech errors were examined during the oral reading of sentences for 12 right-handed adults, including four Broca's aphasics, four Wernicke's aphasics and four patients with unilateral right-hemisphere lesions. A category system of error types was developed, and 129 errors were analyzed in terms of identifia...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(85)90011-9
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies converge in indicating a substantial similarity of the rules and mechanisms underlying execution, observation and imagery of actions, along with a large overlapping of their neural substrates. Recent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have demonstrated a muscle-specific facilitation of the observe...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.019
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children with closed head injuries often experience significant and persistent disruptions in their social and behavioral functioning. Studies with adults sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) indicate deficits in emotion recognition and suggest that these difficulties may underlie some of the social deficits. The...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.029
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensorimotor resonance, the vicarious activation of the sensory motor system during observation of another's actions, is thought to contribute to important social functions including empathy. Previous research has shown that sensorimotor resonance, as measured by suppression of the electrophysiological (EEG) mu rhythm...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107172
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital mirror movements (CMMs) have been traditionally thought to occur due to the corticospinal tracts that project abnormally to both sides of the body. More recently, it has been suggested that both brain hemispheres are activated during intended unilateral movements due to deficient transcallosal inhibition, l...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107265
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present article describes an innovative neurofeedback training (NFT) procedure aimed at increasing creative cognition through the enhancement of specific brain activities previously associated with divergent thinking. We designed and tested two NFT protocols based on training alpha and beta EEG oscillations select...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.015
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pervasiveness of word-finding difficulties in aphasia has motivated several theories regarding management of the deficit and its effectiveness. Recently, the hypothesis was advanced that instead of simply accompanying speech gestures participate in language production by increasing the semantic activation of words...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.025
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In hearing people, silent speechreading generates bilateral activation in superior temporal regions specialised for the perception of auditory speech [Science 276 (1997) 593; Neuroreport 11 (2000) 1729; Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 268 (2001) 451]. In the present study, FMRI data were collected from deaf ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00180-4
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical accounts suggest that mirror neurons play a crucial role in social cognition. The current study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the association between mirror neuron activation and facial emotion processing, a fundamental aspect of social cognition, among healthy adults (n=20). ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.022
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophysiological responses, accuracy and reaction time were recorded while 7-11-year-olds with typical development (TYP; N=30) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N=19) inhibited conflicting information. Relative to the TYP group, children with ASD had larger decrements in accuracy for incongruent trials and were s...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.017
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a rare clinical dementia syndrome affecting predominantly language abilities. Word-finding difficulties and comprehension deficits despite relatively preserved cognitive functions are characteristic symptoms during the first two years, and distinguish PPA from other dementia types ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.028
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00