Abstract：
:Ticks are versatile vectors of infectious diseases and transmit a broad range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Ticks harbor pathogens without infection and share pathogens with other ticks while feeding together on a host. The primary objective of this review is to identify tickborne viral pathogens in the United States, focusing on emerging pathogens. Additional objectives include describing the epidemiology of tick-transmitted viruses, identifying the most common tick vectors of viral pathogens in the United States, identifying the most common tick-transmitted viruses worldwide, and recommending effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of tickborne viral infections. Flaviviruses transmitted by ixodid ticks cause most tickborne viral infections that present clinically as either encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever. Recently, several new tickborne viruses have emerged in the United States, including Bourbon virus, Heartland virus, Powassan virus, and the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus transmitted by a tick recently introduced from China, the Asian long-horned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis). In most cases, there are no specific drug therapies for tickborne viral infections, and treatment is supportive. Vaccination, personal protection, landscape management, and wildlife management are all effective strategies for the primary prevention and control of tickborne viral infectious diseases.
journal_name
Wilderness Environ Medjournal_title
Wilderness & environmental medicineauthors
Diaz JHdoi
10.1016/j.wem.2020.06.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
489-497issue
4eissn
1080-6032issn
1545-1534pii
S1080-6032(20)30121-6journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the retention of wilderness first aid (WFA) knowledge, self-efficacy beliefs, and skills over time in a sample of WFA course participants. METHODS:Seventy-two open enrollment (volunteer) WFA course participants were assessed at 4 months, 8 months, or 12 months after t...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2012.04.005
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Closed-circuit oxygen rebreathers may provide high concentrations of oxygen at extremely low flow rates appropriate for field use with limited oxygen supplies. The performance of the preproduction, second-generation remote emergency medical oxygen (REMO(2)) system developed for Divers Alert Network was evalua...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1580/06-WEME-OR-032R.1
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Depending on their theatre of operation, French soldiers may potentially be exposed to scorpion stings and snakebites. Following the recommendations of a French military health service (FMHS) technical committee for envenomation, the FMHS provides antivenoms appropriate to each deployment. This work aimed ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2020.01.006
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study compared 2 commercially available beverages, an oral rehydration solution (ORS; 60.9 mM Na+; 3.4% carbohydrate) and a sports drink (SDS; 18.4 mM Na+; 5.9% carbohydrate), on hydration and metabolism during submaximal exercise in the heat. METHODS:Ten male subjects completed two 90-min exercise t...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2018.01.005
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Grand Canyon National Park has seen an increase in visitors traversing the canyon from rim to rim (R2R) in a single day. R2R hikers travel over 33.8 km (21 mi) over 3300 m (11,000 ft) of elevation change and endure large temperature changes. Grand Canyon emergency medical service providers provide emergenc...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2018.08.001
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained during the 2009 season at Whistler Mountain Bike Park. METHODS:A retrospective chart review was performed of injured bike park cyclists presenting to the Whistler Health Clinic between May 16 and October 12, 2009. RESULTS:Of 898 cases, 86% were male (median...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2012.02.002
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stingrays are found in open waters and are also kept in exhibits in many aquariums throughout the world. They are generally nonaggressive creatures by nature, but they can inflict injuries with their spines if provoked. We present a case of a 62-y-old diver who was pierced in the chest by the barb of a stingray while ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2019.09.004
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our intent was to observe the effect of simulated altitude exposure on the intracranial pressure (ICP) of New Zealand white rabbits. It is theorized that the hypoxia of high altitude causes a rise in ICP, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Dexamethasone is a medication...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[183:baeinz]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the cardiorespiratory responses, in children and their parents, after rapid ascent to 3500 m. The sample population was composed of children and their parents who ascended within 24 hours from Arica (sea level) to Putre (3500 m)...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/06-WEME-BR-084.1
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this case study is to examine the physiological/behavioral factors leading up to heat exhaustion in a male wildland firefighter during wildland fire suppression. The participant (24 years old, 173 cm, 70 kg, and 3 years firefighting experience) experienced heat exhaustion following 7 hours of high ambie...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2011.01.008
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Mountaineers face a variety of health risks at altitude including pulmonary edema; portable ultrasound may be used to diagnose high altitude pulmonary edema. This report tests the functionality of electronic equipment in a hypobaric test environment and the ability of remotely guided nonexperts to use ultraso...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/08-WEME-BR-228R2.1
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three groups of five men each were dehydrated overnight in the heat (115 degrees F) on two occasions (D1 and D2) to approximately 5.5% of their starting body weight. During the 3-week period between D1 and D2, one group (AC) was acclimatized to heat and physically conditioned, the second group (C) was physically condi...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 传,古典文章,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0204:wpadeo]2.3.co;2
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk of injury in cold environments is related to a combination of athlete preparedness, preexisting medical conditions, and the body's physiologic response to environmental factors, including ambient temperature, windchill, and wetness. The goal of this section is to decrease the risk of hypothermia, frostbite, and n...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2015.09.006
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a well-recognized disease entity in trekkers to the Nepal Himalayas. We present the case of a patient who had clinical features consistent with HAPE but did not descend the mountain on time, which contributed to his death. The important factors of the diagnosis, the descent, and...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0099:atroph]2.3.co;2
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bites by the European adder (Vipera berus) are a rare medical emergency in the UK with 20 to 50% of an estimated 50 to 200 cases per year necessitating treatment with antivenom. We present a case demonstrating both severe systemic and local effects necessitating out of hospital resuscitation, vasopressor support, and ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2018.08.002
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During historic, as well as more recent, conflicts, most combat casualties who die from their injuries do so in the prehospital setting. Although many of the injuries incurred by these casualties are nonsurvivable, a number of injuries are still potentially survivable. Of those injuries that are potentially survivable...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2016.11.007
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a 42-y-old rock climber who sustained a complete, isolated rupture of the short head of the biceps brachii muscle after falling onto his upper arm while bouldering is presented. This is the first description of this rare injury after a climbing accident. Moreover, there is no definitive consensus on whethe...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2020.04.006
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring prompt action to prevent death from cardio-respiratory collapse. It can be a biphasic, unpredictable, and challenging reaction to deal with even in a hospital environment. The wilderness environments afforded by expeditions, remote health posts, and military exercises pose ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2011.12.002
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A tool that can differentiate ischemic stroke from other neurological conditions (eg, hemorrhagic stroke, high-altitude cerebral edema) in the field could enable more rapid thrombolysis when appropriate. The resources (eg, an MRI or CT scanner) to investigate stroke at high altitude may be limited, and hence a portabl...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2010.10.007
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Finger growth plate injuries are the most common injury among youth climbers, and the association between these injuries and speed climbing, a mandatory discipline in the 2021 Olympics, has not been examined previously. Our primary purpose was to examine the demographic and training characteristics of adol...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2020.06.008
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially deadly disease associated with exposure to altitudes greater than 3000 m. Individuals who have previously experienced HAPE are at a significantly higher risk of recurrence, suggesting an underlying genetic component to HAPE pathogenesis. In a previous nuc...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2012.03.007
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To help the Mountain Rescue Association of Scotland find the best protective mountain rescue casualty bag in cold and windy conditions. The study investigated how 3 different casualty bags (labeled Bag 1, Bag 2, and Bag 3) performed in a cold (-10 degrees C, dry bulb), windy (wind speed 3.0 m x s(-1)) environ...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2002)013[0036:acomrc]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crocodilians represent one of the oldest constant animal lineages on the planet, in no small part due to their formidable array of predatory adaptations. As both human and crocodilian populations expand, they increasingly encroach on each others' territories, bringing morbidity and mortality to both populations. In th...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2005)16[143:CAIAAA]2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flying snakes (Genus Chrysopelea) are a group of ophisthoglyphous colubrids in South and South East Asia known for gliding in the air. Of the five species of flying snakes, Sri Lankan flying snake, Chrysopelea taprobanica, is endemic to Sri Lanka. Authenticated bites and the venom characteristics of this uncommon snak...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2013.01.008
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new protocol implemented to standardize snakebite management in Iran. METHODS:In this study, 27 patients treated according to the new protocol in 2012 (P+) were compared with 22 patients treated according to the previous modality in the year before i...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.011
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to control water-borne diseases is critical for soldiers, hikers, and others who may need to drink directly from an outdoor source. Water-borne protozoan parasites that are specifically of concern are Giardia and Cryptosporidium because of their resistance to halogen disinfection. The purpose of this study...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(1997)008[0096:eoiwpt]2.3.co;2
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present 3 cases of severe hyponatremia occurring on a commercially guided river rafting trip on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. All 3 women appeared to have been overhydrating because of concern about dehydration and required evacuation within 24 hours of each other after the staggered onset of sy...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2014.08.007
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The main goal was to explore the different toxin properties (proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and neurotoxic) of Leptodeira annulata ashmeadii Duvernoy's gland secretion (DGS). METHODS:To separate and characterize the different proteins present in L. annulata ashmeadii DGS, 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1580/1080-6032(2004)015[0082:phanac]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Kham Tibetans are one of several Tibetan ethnic subgroups living in the Kham area of China. Because studies on the high-altitude adaptation of the Kham people are scant, the main aim of this study is to investigate whether the response to hypoxia, especially polycythemia status, in the Kham Tibetans is...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2017.09.010
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine circulating hormonal responses in men competing in the Western States Endurance Run (WSER, June 23 to 24, 2012): a 161-km trail run that starts in Squaw Valley, CA, and concludes in Auburn, CA. METHODS:We examined 12 men who completed the WSER. Blood samples were obtained the morning before the ra...
journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.wem.2014.03.013
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
