Neuroticism and cynicism and risk of death in middle-aged men: the Western Electric Study.

Abstract:

:MMPI measures of neuroticism (N) and of cynicism (C) were obtained at the initial examination of 1871 employed, middle-aged men in Chicago. Neither N nor C was significantly associated cross-sectionally with systolic blood pressure or serum cholesterol, but both were positively associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. N was not significantly associated with risk of death from coronary disease, other cardiovascular diseases, cancer, all other causes combined, or all causes combined after adjustment for C, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol. C was significantly associated with coronary death and total mortality after adjustment for N and the other variables listed above, and relative risks of 1.4 to 1.6 were observed for all endpoints. These results support the idea that neuroticism is not associated with major causes of mortality, but that cynicism is associated with several causes. The associations between cynicism and mortality may be mediated by cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption since adjustment for these factors may have been incomplete due to correlation between cynicism and errors in self-reported data.

journal_name

Psychosom Med

journal_title

Psychosomatic medicine

authors

Almada SJ,Zonderman AB,Shekelle RB,Dyer AR,Daviglus ML,Costa PT Jr,Stamler J

doi

10.1097/00006842-199103000-00006

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1991-03-01 00:00:00

pages

165-75

issue

2

eissn

0033-3174

issn

1534-7796

journal_volume

53

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in Monroe County, New York: 1960-1976.

    abstract::The Monroe County Psychiatric Case Register and hospital records were used to investigate the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Monroe County, New York, during the periods 1960-1969 and 1979-1976 to determine whether the number of newly diagnosed cases has increased over time. The results support the general clinical i...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-198011000-00003

    authors: Jones DJ,Fox MM,Babigian HM,Hutton HE

    更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic variants in the DRD2 gene moderate the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in adults: cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the potential moderating role of DRD2 polymorphism (rs1800497) in the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms among young adults. Although stressful life events, such as divorce, unemployment, and serious illness in the family, are generally associated with negative health...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31806bf365

    authors: Elovainio M,Jokela M,Kivimäki M,Pulkki-Råback L,Lehtimäki T,Airla N,Keltikangas-Järvinen L

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Are stress-induced cortisol changes during pregnancy associated with postpartum depressive symptoms?

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychobiological stress reactivity during healthy pregnancy and depressive symptoms in the early puerperium. METHODS:A sample of healthy nulliparous pregnant women (N = 57) between the ages of 21 and 35 years underwent a standardized psychosoci...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000244385.93141.3b

    authors: Nierop A,Bratsikas A,Zimmermann R,Ehlert U

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Socioeconomic status and stress-related biological responses over the working day.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The influence of low socioeconomic status on cardiovascular disease may be mediated in part by sustained activation of stress-related autonomic and neuroendocrine processes. We hypothesized that low socioeconomic status would be associated with heightened ambulatory blood pressure and cortisol output over th...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000035717.78650.a1

    authors: Steptoe A,Kunz-Ebrecht S,Owen N,Feldman PJ,Willemsen G,Kirschbaum C,Marmot M

    更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of stress on colon motor and electrical activity in irritable bowel syndrome.

    abstract::The present investigation was designed to study the role of stress on the physiologic mechanisms of the colon in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Patients with IBS were compared with normal controls during resting and stress (mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and fear stressor). The results indicated that IBS patients h...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-198503000-00005

    authors: Welgan P,Meshkinpour H,Hoehler F

    更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00

  • Role of monitoring and blunting coping styles in primary insomnia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Primary insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders and assumed to be initiated and maintained, among other factors, by psychological variables such as coping strategies, sleep hygiene techniques, and arousability. Althouugh the number and kind of stressors seem to be important initiators of insomni...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000195881.01317.d9

    authors: Voss U,Kolling T,Heidenreich T

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Stress exposure, psychological distress, and physiological stress activation in midlife women with insomnia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to describe perceived and polysomnograhic (PSG) sleep patterns and determine whether stress exposure, psychological distress, and physiological stress activation differed among midlife women with psychophysiologic-type (PP-type) or subjective only-type (SO-type) insomnia or no ...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000024235.11538.9a

    authors: Shaver JL,Johnston SK,Lentz MJ,Landis CA

    更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00

  • Life events and acute cardiovascular reactions to mental stress: a cohort study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study addressed the issue of whether frequent exposure to life events is associated with aggravation or blunting of cardiovascular reactions to acute mental stress. METHODS:In a substantial cohort of 585 healthy young adults, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded at rest and...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000160464.63264.5d

    authors: Phillips AC,Carroll D,Ring C,Sweeting H,West P

    更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00

  • Cortisol and growth hormone responses to psychological stress during the menstrual cycle.

    abstract::Twenty-one healthy women were studied during one menstrual cycle in order to determine whether cortisol and growth hormone responsivity to psychological stress was related to estrogen levels. Blood was drawn approximately three times per week for analysis of estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and human growth hormone....

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-197705000-00002

    authors: Abplanalp JM,Livingston L,Rose RM,Sandwisch D

    更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00

  • Dependence between apolipoprotein E phenotypes and temperament in children, adolescents, and young adults.

    abstract::The association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism with temperament and Type A behavior was studied in 1577 randomly selected healthy children, adolescents, and young adults during a follow-up period of 9 years. Temperament was correlated with apoE phenotypes. Motor activity, even hyperactivity, in childhood and ...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00006842-199303000-00004

    authors: Keltikangas-Järvinen L,Räikkönen K,Lehtimäki T

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Cultural variations in response to painful stimuli.

    abstract::This review updates the literature on cultural differences in response to laboratory-induced pain. Thirteen studies were located, and there was great diversity among the investigations with regard to racial and ethnic groups studied, methods of pain induction, and experimental outcome. There appear to be no racial/eth...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/00006842-199009000-00007

    authors: Zatzick DF,Dimsdale JE

    更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00

  • Association of anxiety disorders and depression with incident heart failure.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Depression has been associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF). Because anxiety is highly comorbid with depression, we sought to establish if anxiety, depression, or their co-occurrence is associated with incident HF. METHODS:A retrospective cohort (N = 236,079) including Veteran's Administration p...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000027

    authors: Garfield LD,Scherrer JF,Hauptman PJ,Freedland KE,Chrusciel T,Balasubramanian S,Carney RM,Newcomer JW,Owen R,Bucholz KK,Lustman PJ

    更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of feedback on the perception of inspiratory resistance in children with persistent asthma: a signal detection approach.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Accurate perception of asthma episodes increases the likelihood that they will be managed effectively. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of feedback in a signal detection task on perception of increased airflow obstruction in children with persistent asthma. METHODS:The effect of feedback tr...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182a8bcde

    authors: Harver A,Kotses H,Ersek J,Humphries CT,Ashe WS Jr,Black HR 2nd

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Asian-American deaths near the Harvest Moon Festival.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Reexamine the claim that elderly Chinese-American women are able to prolong their lives until after the celebration of the Harvest Moon Festival. METHODS:See if independent 1985 to 2000 data for Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-Americans replicate results that were reported using 1960 to 1984 data for Chine...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000127875.38685.ba

    authors: Smith G

    更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00

  • Brain Structure and Response to Emotional Stimuli as Related to Gut Microbial Profiles in Healthy Women.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Brain-gut-microbiota interactions may play an important role in human health and behavior. Although rodent models have demonstrated effects of the gut microbiota on emotional, nociceptive, and social behaviors, there is little translational human evidence to date. In this study, we identify brain and behavior...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000493

    authors: Tillisch K,Mayer EA,Gupta A,Gill Z,Brazeilles R,Le Nevé B,van Hylckama Vlieg JET,Guyonnet D,Derrien M,Labus JS

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Aerobic fitness level and reactivity to psychosocial stress: physiological, biochemical, and subjective measures.

    abstract::Aerobic fitness is associated with numerous physiological adaptations which permit physical stress to be coped with more efficiently. The present experiment examined whether aerobic fitness influences emotional response. Heart rate, biochemical measures (catecholamines, cortisol, prolactin, lactic acid), and self-repo...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-198306000-00003

    authors: Sinyor D,Schwartz SG,Peronnet F,Brisson G,Seraganian P

    更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of Food Cue-Evoked and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Obesity.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Obesity is associated with differences in task-evoked and resting-state functional brain connectivity (FC). However, no studies have compared obesity-related differences in FC evoked by high-calorie food cues from that observed at rest. Such a comparison could improve our understanding of the neural mechanism...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000769

    authors: Donofry SD,Jakicic JM,Rogers RJ,Watt JC,Roecklein KA,Erickson KI

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation Program.

    abstract::In a study designed to identify the electrophysiologic characteristics of the Transcendental Meditation Program, 52 periods of spontaneous respiratory suspension (RS) were observed in 18 subjects during the practice of this program. These periods were correlated with some but not all the subjective experiences of pure...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-198405000-00008

    authors: Badawi K,Wallace RK,Orme-Johnson D,Rouzere AM

    更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term follow-up of the Ischemic Heart Disease Life Stress Monitoring Program.

    abstract::This study examines patient outcomes up to seven years after a one-year, post-myocardial infarction (MI) stress monitoring and management program. A previous randomized controlled trial involving 461 male patients demonstrated that the program lowered stress scores and reduced one-year cardiac deaths by almost 50%, bu...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-198909000-00002

    authors: Frasure-Smith N,Prince R

    更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • The relationship of interleukin-1 and immune functions to sleep in humans.

    abstract::Serial sampling of peripheral blood from six healthy adult male volunteers was performed during daytime waking and nighttime sleeping. In addition, sleep physiology was assessed in all subjects (Ss) and sleep stages scored blind by standard criteria. Samples of plasma were analyzed for cortisol (Co) levels, functional...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-198605000-00001

    authors: Moldofsky H,Lue FA,Eisen J,Keystone E,Gorczynski RM

    更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00

  • Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with 24-hour urinary catecholamines in individuals with untreated high blood pressure.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Depression and anxiety are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The explanatory mechanisms, however, are still to be characterized. One proposed pathophysiological pathway is dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, including heightened sympathetic nervous system activity. This stud...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000144

    authors: Paine NJ,Watkins LL,Blumenthal JA,Kuhn CM,Sherwood A

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Women with eating disorder tendencies display altered cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial profiles.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial profiles were investigated in women with eating disorder tendencies, but who had never met clinical criteria for an eating disorder, and in healthy controls. METHODS:Twenty-six women who scored in the highest distribution of the Eating Disorder Inventory bulim...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-200007000-00013

    authors: Koo-Loeb JH,Costello N,Light KC,Girdler SS

    更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00

  • It's more than sex: exploring the dyadic nature of sleep and implications for health.

    abstract::Sleep is a critical health behavior and one that is typically shared between husbands and wives or romantic partners. However, the science of sleep has traditionally conceptualized and evaluated sleep at the level of the individual. Considering the social context of sleep represents a significant shift in sleep resear...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181de7ff8

    authors: Troxel WM

    更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00

  • Psychological and perceptual factors associated with arrhythmias and benign palpitations.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Little is known about how patients who seek medical help for benign palpitations can be distinguished from those with clinically significant arrhythmias. This study tested whether patients with arrhythmia can be distinguished from those who are aware of sinus rhythm or extrasystoles on the basis of sex, preva...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006842-200009000-00014

    authors: Ehlers A,Mayou RA,Sprigings DC,Birkhead J

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Joint effect of hostility and severity of depressive symptoms on plasma interleukin-6 concentration.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although interleukin (IL)-6 plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease, little is known about its relation to psychological risk factors, such as hostility and severity of depressive symptoms. The current study examined the joint effects of severity of depressive symptoms and hostility on plasma IL-6 ...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000062530.94551.ea

    authors: Suarez EC

    更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00

  • Smoking status and nicotine administration differentially modify hemodynamic stress reactivity in men and women.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the impact of cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive (OC) use on hemodynamic stress responses of women. Also, to examine gender differences in stress reactivity as a function of smoking status and acute nicotine administration. METHODS:Thirty men and 46 women, differing in smoking status an...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1097/00006842-199705000-00012

    authors: Girdler SS,Jamner LD,Jarvik M,Soles JR,Shapiro D

    更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00

  • Trends in ambulatory self-report: the role of momentary experience in psychosomatic medicine.

    abstract::In this article, we review the differences between momentary, retrospective, and trait self-report techniques and discuss the unique role that ambulatory reports of momentary experience play in psychosomatic medicine. After a brief historical review of self-report techniques, we discuss the latest perspective that lin...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182546f18

    authors: Conner TS,Barrett LF

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Social problem solving and noncardiac chest pain.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate differences in social problem solving (SPS) between individuals with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) and persons with chest pain who tested positive for underlying cardiac disease. METHODS:The major design involved a matched case-control methodology and compared a group of patients with NCCP (n =...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815a995a

    authors: Nezu AM,Nezu CM,Jain D,Xanthopoulos MS,Cos TA,Friedman J,Lee M

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Altered blood coagulation in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, though the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved are elusive. A hypercoagulable state before occurrence of coronary thrombosis contributes to atherosclerosis development. We investigated whether PTSD would be associ...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000221229.43272.9d

    authors: von Känel R,Hepp U,Buddeberg C,Keel M,Mica L,Aschbacher K,Schnyder U

    更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00

  • Personality predictors of longevity: activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousness.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between personality traits and longevity. METHODS:Using the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, personality traits were assessed in 2359 participants (38% women; age = 17 to 98 years, mean = 50 years) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, starting in 1958. Over the dur...

    journal_title:Psychosomatic medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31817b9371

    authors: Terracciano A,Löckenhoff CE,Zonderman AB,Ferrucci L,Costa PT Jr

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00