Abstract：
:Two reference models are commonly used to predict mixture toxicity, Concentration Addition and Independent Action. For accurately predicting mixture effects, both reference models need a full description of the dose-response curve for all single chemicals present in the mixture. We studied the mixture effect of nickel and chlorpyrifos on survival of the soil-dwelling collembolan Folsomia candida exposed for 7weeks in Lufa 2.2 soil. Especially chlorpyrifos toxicity showed extremely steep dose-response curves, making it impossible to fulfil the assumptions required by both reference models. Nevertheless, we showed that by monitoring the development of toxicity in time for both the single compounds and the mixtures it was possible to determine mixture effects. Even at exposure levels below the No Effect Concentration, chlorpyrifos was found to reduce nickel toxicity. In addition, this study clearly showed that toxicity is a dynamic process and that mixture effects may be dependent on exposure time.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Broerse M,van Gestel CAdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.032subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
953-7issue
9eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(10)00195-5journal_volume
79pub_type
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