Abstract：
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:The aim of this work was to examine the progression to type 1 and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a 23 year follow-up study. METHODS:We carried out a cohort study of 391 women with GDM diagnosed by an OGTT or the use of insulin treatment during pregnancy, and 391 age- and parity-matched control participants, who delivered in 1984-1994 at the Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Diagnostic cut-off levels for glucose were as follows: fasting, ≥4.8 mmol/l; 1 h, ≥10.0 mmol/l; and 2 h, ≥8.7 mmol/l. Two follow-up questionnaires were sent (in 1995-1996 and 2012-2013) to assess the progression to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Mean follow-up time was 23.1 (range 18.7-28.8) years. RESULTS:Type 1 diabetes developed (5.7%) during the first 7 years after GDM pregnancy and was predictable at a 2 h OGTT value of 11.9 mmol/l during pregnancy (receiver operating characteristic analysis: AUC 0.91, sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 96.0%). Type 2 diabetes increased linearly to 50.4% by the end of the follow-up period and was moderately predictable with fasting glucose (AUC 0.69, sensitivity 63.5%, specificity 68.2%) at a level of 5.1 mmol/l (identical to the fasting glucose cut-off recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG) and WHO]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:All women with GDM should be intensively monitored for a decade, after which the risk for type 1 diabetes is minimal. However, the incidence of type 2 diabetes remains linear, and therefore individualised lifelong follow-up is recommended.
journal_name
Diabetologiajournal_title
Diabetologiaauthors
Auvinen AM,Luiro K,Jokelainen J,Järvelä I,Knip M,Auvinen J,Tapanainen JSdoi
10.1007/s00125-020-05215-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-01 00:00:00pages
2123-2128issue
10eissn
0012-186Xissn
1432-0428pii
10.1007/s00125-020-05215-3journal_volume
63pub_type
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