Acute mountain sickness: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment.

Abstract:

:Barometric pressure falls with increasing altitude and consequently there is a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen resulting in a hypoxic challenge to any individual ascending to altitude. A spectrum of high altitude illnesses can occur when the hypoxic stress outstrips the subject's ability to acclimatize. Acute altitude-related problems consist of the common syndrome of acute mountain sickness, which is relatively benign and usually self-limiting, and the rarer, more serious syndromes of high-altitude cerebral edema and high-altitude pulmonary edema. A common feature of acute altitude illness is rapid ascent by otherwise fit individuals to altitudes above 3000 m without sufficient time to acclimatize. The susceptibility of an individual to high-altitude syndromes is variable but generally reproducible. Prevention of altitude-related illness by slow ascent is the best approach, but this is not always practical. The immediate management of serious illness requires oxygen (if available) and descent of more than 300 m as soon as possible. In this article, we describe the setting and clinical features of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema, including an overview of the known pathophysiology, and explain contemporary practices for both prevention and treatment exploring the comprehensive evidence base for the various interventions.

journal_name

Prog Cardiovasc Dis

authors

Imray C,Wright A,Subudhi A,Roach R

doi

10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-05-01 00:00:00

pages

467-84

issue

6

eissn

0033-0620

issn

1873-1740

pii

S0033-0620(10)00030-7

journal_volume

52

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Review of advanced heart failure device diagnostics examined in clinical trials and the potential benefit from monitoring capabilities.

    abstract::Over the past decade, emerging clinical trial data supported the usefulness of implanted therapeutic cardiac devices (pacemakers and defibrillators) for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Interest has now developed in evaluating the potential of device diagnostics to identify HF patients at risk for clinical events ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2011.06.001

    authors: Whellan DJ,Adams S,Bowerman L

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Exercise Reveals Proline Dehydrogenase as a Potential Target in Heart Failure.

    abstract::The benefits of physical activity in cardiovascular diseases have long been appreciated. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and sustain the cardiac benefits of exercise are poorly understood, and it is anticipated that unveiling these mechanisms will identify novel therapeutic targets. In search of these m...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.03.002

    authors: Moreira JBN,Wohlwend M,Fenk S,Åmellem I,Flatberg A,Kraljevic J,Marinovic J,Ljubkovic M,Bjørkøy G,Wisløff U

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Optimal use of coronary care units: a review.

    abstract::Patients at a low probability of acute cardiac pathology constitute a considerable proportion in many coronary care units (CCUs), such that physicians should consider more effective alternatives than CCU admission "to rule out myocardial infarction." In this article, strategies to increase the efficiency of managing p...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(05)80021-0

    authors: Grijseels EW,Deckers JW,Hoes AW,Hartman JA,van der Does E,Simoons ML

    更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00

  • Pathophysiological basis of syncope and neurological conditions that mimic syncope.

    abstract::The definition of syncope has clinical and pathophysiological parts. The clinical part is that syncope is a form of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), while the pathophysiological element is that syncope differs from other forms of TLOC by virtue of the basis of true syncope - specifically cerebral hypoperfusion....

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2012.10.016

    authors: van Dijk JG,Wieling W

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Exercise blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality risk.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impact on the association between exercise blood pressure (BP) and mortality risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We assessed CRF in 15,004 US Veterans (mean age 57.5 ± 11.2 years) who completed a standardized treadmill test between January 1, 1988 and July 28, 2017 and ha...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2021.01.003

    authors: Kokkinos P,Faselis C,Sidossis L,Zhang J,Samuel IBH,Ahmed A,Karasik P,Pittaras A,Doumas M,Grassos C,Rosenberg S,Myers J

    更新日期:2021-01-26 00:00:00

  • Electrophysiology and adult congenital heart disease: advances and options.

    abstract::Although "congenital heart disease" incorporates a broad and diverse spectrum of inborn cardiac disorders, one shared feature is the propensity for cardiac arrhythmias, albeit to varying degrees. The magnitude of this issue is underscored by its high prevalence, major impact on morbidity and disability, considerable c...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2010.07.003

    authors: Abadir S,Khairy P

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular morbidity in obstructive sleep apnea.

    abstract::The repetitive respiratory events that characterize obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are each followed by abrupt increases in heart rate and in pulmonary and systemic artery pressure and by sudden decreases in right and left ventricular stroke volume. The changes in systemic pressure may be profound, with patients who ar...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1053/pcad.1999.0410367

    authors: Weiss JW,Launois SH,Anand A,Garpestad E

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • Development of an entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

    abstract::The recent advent of an entirely subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (ICD) has provided a relevant contribution to the debate concerning the use of ICD therapy in patients at high risk for death. Although conventional transvenous ICDs have proven very effective during the past 23 years, they still appear to be limi...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2012.03.006

    authors: Lupo PP,Pelissero G,Ali H,Sanghera R,Cappato R

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Advanced Imaging Techniques for Mitral Regurgitation.

    abstract::Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most commonly encountered valvular lesions in clinical practice. MR can be either primary (degenerative) or secondary (functional) depending on the etiology of MR and the pathology of the mitral valve (MV). Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic tool for MR and is key in det...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.10.001

    authors: Quien MM,Vainrib AF,Freedberg RS,Bamira DG,Benenstein RJ,Williams MR,Saric M

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms: size matters, plus moving beyond size.

    abstract::Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are a prevalent and deadly disease that, without diagnosis and treatment, eventuates in life-threatening aortic dissection or rupture. While TAAs normally grow in an indolent manner, once a certain size (a "hinge point") is reached, the risk of dissection, rupture, and death increases ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.007

    authors: Chau KH,Elefteriades JA

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • Transcranial Doppler assessment of cerebral embolic disorders.

    abstract::Transcranial Doppler ultrasound allows noninvasive monitoring of the large intracranial vessels. Microembolic signals (MES) have been observed under a variety of circumstances, especially in symptomatic carotid stenosis, high-risk cardiac conditions, and surgical procedures (such as carotid endarterectomy and cardiopu...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1053/pcad.2000.9028

    authors: Gorman M

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • The cellular ionic basis of hypertension and allied clinical conditions.

    abstract::Two central concepts of human hypertensive disease remain poorly understood: (1) elevated blood pressure as merely one component of an underlying systemic condition, characterized by multiple defects in diverse tissues (eg, "Syndrome X"), and (2) the heterogeneity of hypertension, in which different and even opposite ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(99)70006-x

    authors: Resnick L

    更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00

  • Stem cells and their potential in cell-based cardiac therapies.

    abstract::Stem cells are potential agents for the treatment of myocardial infarcts among other heart diseases. Over the past decade, the scientific community has extensively used a wide variety of cells and examined their capacity to both regenerate the infarcted myocardium and improve functionally the diseased hearts. Some of ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2007.02.006

    authors: Christoforou N,Gearhart JD

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Implementing movement at the workplace: Approaches to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in the context of work.

    abstract::The purpose of this article is to highlight approaches to increase movement, physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness, and reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in the context of the workplace. A deliberate strategy that will enable the successful promotion of movement at the workplace includes a business plan a...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.10.004

    authors: Pronk NP

    更新日期:2020-10-24 00:00:00

  • Diagnosis and treatment of heart disease: are women different from men?

    abstract::Key questions concerning strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of heart disease in women remain unanswered. Thrombolytic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality similarly in men and women. In addition, percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes is as effective in women as in men. ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2010.07.004

    authors: Xhyheri B,Bugiardini R

    更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00

  • Diagnosis and treatment of high density lipoprotein deficiency.

    abstract::Low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and is often observed in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Patients with marked deficiency of HDL-...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.006

    authors: Schaefer EJ,Anthanont P,Diffenderfer MR,Polisecki E,Asztalos BF

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Positron-emitting myocardial blood flow tracers and clinical potential.

    abstract::Positron-emitting myocardial flow radiotracers such as (15)O-water, (13)N-ammonia and (82)Rubidium in conjunction with positron-emission-tomography (PET) are increasingly applied in clinical routine for coronary artery disease (CAD) detection, yielding high diagnostic accuracy, while providing valuable information on ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.01.001

    authors: Schindler TH

    更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00

  • HIV Infection and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Lights and Shadows in the HAART Era.

    abstract::With the progressive increase in life-expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients in the "highly active antiretroviral therapy" (HAART) era, co-morbidities, particularly cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD) are emerging as an important concern. The pathophysiology of CVD in this population is comp...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.02.008

    authors: Ballocca F,Gili S,D'Ascenzo F,Marra WG,Cannillo M,Calcagno A,Bonora S,Flammer A,Coppola J,Moretti C,Gaita F

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology, risk factors, and consequences of obstructive sleep apnea and short sleep duration.

    abstract::We will review the epidemiology, risk factors, and consequences of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and short/long sleep duration. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disease characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is common, with moderate to severe disease present in approximat...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.001

    authors: Al Lawati NM,Patel SR,Ayas NT

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular effects of ephedra alkaloids: a comprehensive review.

    abstract::The Ephedra alkaloids have received much press lately secondary to reported adverse events in those using whole extracts as "dietary supplements" for weight loss or athletic performance enhancement. These reports are troubling given the increasing use of these supplements by the general public. We reviewed the availab...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2004.07.006

    authors: Andraws R,Chawla P,Brown DL

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • An Update on the Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Structured Exercise and Lifestyle Physical Activity in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Health Risk.

    abstract::The cardiovascular disease (CVD) pandemic has placed considerable strain on healthcare systems, quality of life, and physical function, while remaining the leading cause of death globally. Decades of scientific investigations have fortified the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise training, ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005

    authors: Ozemek C,Laddu DR,Lavie CJ,Claeys H,Kaminsky LA,Ross R,Wisloff U,Arena R,Blair SN

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Chagas cardiomyopathy--where do we stand after a hundred years?

    abstract::A hundred years from its description, Chagas cardiomyopathy remains a challenging disease. Although successful vector-control strategies have decreased the incidence of Chagas disease in several Latin American countries, both migration to urban areas and immigration have spread the disease worldwide; and now, blood tr...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.11.008

    authors: Biolo A,Ribeiro AL,Clausell N

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Myocardial perfusion imaging using contrast echocardiography.

    abstract::Microbubbles are an excellent intravascular tracer, and both the rate of myocardial opacification (analogous to coronary microvascular perfusion) and contrast intensity (analogous to myocardial blood volume) provide unique insights into myocardial perfusion. A strong evidence base has been accumulated to show comparab...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.03.005

    authors: Pathan F,Marwick TH

    更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00

  • The 'perfect storm' and acute coronary syndrome onset: do psychosocial factors play a role?

    abstract::The revolution in cardiac care over the past two decades, characterized by emergent revascularization, drug eluting stents, anti-platelet medications, and advanced imaging has had little impact on overall ACS recurrence, or ACS prevention. The "Perfect Storm" refers to a confluence of events and processes, including a...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.03.003

    authors: Burg MM,Edmondson D,Shimbo D,Shaffer J,Kronish IM,Whang W,Alcántara C,Schwartz JE,Muntner P,Davidson KW

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Interventional echocardiography.

    abstract::Echocardiography guidance for interventions in the catheterization laboratory allows for reduction in radiation exposure from fluoroscopy as well as superior anatomic definition and visualization. The additional information provided over fluoroscopy has translated into an increasing use during interventional procedure...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.05.009

    authors: Pislaru SV,Michelena HI,Mankad SV

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Insights From the PREDIMED Study.

    abstract::The PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) multicenter, randomized, primary prevention trial assessed the long-term effects of the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) on clinical events of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We randomized 7447 men and women at high CVD risk into three diets: MeDiet supplemented with extra-vir...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.04.003

    authors: Martínez-González MA,Salas-Salvadó J,Estruch R,Corella D,Fitó M,Ros E,PREDIMED INVESTIGATORS.

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Curing breast cancer and killing the heart: A novel model to explain elevated cardiovascular disease and mortality risk among women with early stage breast cancer.

    abstract::Due to advances in prevention, early detection and treatment, early breast cancer mortality has decreased by nearly 40% during the last four decades. Yet, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is significantly elevated following a breast cancer diagnosis, and it is a leading cause of death in this populat...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.002

    authors: Kirkham AA,Beaudry RI,Paterson DI,Mackey JR,Haykowsky MJ

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Adverse reactions to quinidine in hospitalized patients: findings based on data from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.

    abstract::This study systematically analyzed the incidence and variety of adverse reactions to quinidine sulfate in 652 consecutively monitored hospitalized patients. Fourteen percent of the patients sustained adverse reactions of sufficient severity to warrant discontinuation of the drug. These reactions include GI intolerance...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0033-0620(77)90004-4

    authors: Cohen IS,Jick H,Cohen SI

    更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00

  • New Concepts in Hypertension Management: A Population-Based Perspective.

    abstract::Hypertension (HTN) is the most common chronic disease in the U.S., and the standard model of office-based care delivery has yielded suboptimal outcomes, with approximately 50% of affected patients not achieving blood pressure (BP) control. Poor population-level BP control has been primarily attributed to therapeutic i...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.09.005

    authors: Milani RV,Lavie CJ,Wilt JK,Bober RM,Ventura HO

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biology of ischemic cerebral cell death.

    abstract::With the approval of alteplase (tPA) therapy for stroke, it is likely that combination therapy with tPA to restore blood flow, and agents like glutamate receptor antagonists to halt or reverse the cascade of neuronal damage, will dominate the future of stroke care. The authors describe events and potential targets of ...

    journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(99)70002-2

    authors: Small DL,Morley P,Buchan AM

    更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00