Abstract：
:Studies on generalization show the nature of how learning is encoded in the brain. Previous studies have shown rather limited generalization of dynamics learning across changes in movement direction, a finding that is consistent with the idea that learning is primarily local. In contrast, studies show a broader pattern of generalization across changes in movement amplitude, suggesting a more general form of learning. To understand this difference, we performed an experiment in which subjects held a robotic manipulandum and made movements to targets along the body midline. Subjects were trained in a velocity-dependent force field while moving to a 15 cm target. After training, subjects were tested for generalization using movements to a 30 cm target. We used force channels in conjunction with movements to the 30 cm target to assess the extent of generalization. Force channels restricted lateral movements and allowed us to measure force production during generalization. We compared actual lateral forces to the forces expected if dynamics learning generalized fully. We found that, during the test for generalization, subjects produced reliably less force than expected. Force production was appropriate for the portion of the transfer movement in which velocities corresponded to those experienced with the 15 cm target. Subjects failed to produce the expected forces when velocities exceeded those experienced in the training task. This suggests that dynamics learning generalizes little beyond the range of one's experience. Consistent with this result, subjects who trained on the 30 cm target showed full generalization to the 15 cm target. We performed two additional experiments that show that interleaved trials to the 30 cm target during training on the 15 cm target can resolve the difference between the current results and those reported previously.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Mattar AA,Ostry DJdoi
10.1152/jn.00886.2009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
426-38issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00886.2009journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:An orthodromically evoked late hyperpolarizing potential (LHP) was studied using intracellular recording techniques in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro. Several tests indicated that the LHP is not blocked by GABA antagonists, but rather comprises the initial portion of the stimulation-induced burst afterhy...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1984.52.5.892
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paw-shake responses (PSRs) were evoked by wrapping masking tape around the hind-paw in nine cats spinalized at the T12 level either at 2 or 12 wk of age or as young adults (10-12 mo). Electromyographic responses of ankle extensors (LG and SOL) and one ankle flexor (TA) were recorded through the 6th mo after cord trans...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1984.51.4.680
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Pressure on the skin of the tail base and perineum of female rats in the range of 40--440 millibars, following bilateral contact with the flanks, was adequate to elicit the lordosis reflex. Hair deflection alone or noxious stimulation was neither sufficient nor necessary for lordosis behavior to occur. 2. For a giv...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00227.2009
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes to cerebral miRNA expression have been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as miRNAs that regulate the expression of gene products involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) processing, such as BACE1, are dysregulated in those that suffer from AD. Exercise training improves cognition and reduces BACE...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00751.2005
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.00339.2002
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.01037.2011
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inhibitory circuits of the striatum are known to be critical for motor function, yet their contributions to Parkinsonian motor deficits are not clear. Altered firing in the globus pallidus suggests that striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the direct (D1 MSN) and indirect pathway (D2 MSN) are imbalanced during d...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.01037.2007
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
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doi：10.1152/jn.1990.63.6.1323
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In rats, forelimb movements are evoked from two cortical regions, the caudal and rostral forelimb areas (CFA and RFA, respectively). These areas are densely interconnected and RFA induces complex and powerful modulations of CFA outputs. CFA and RFA also have interhemispheric connections, and these areas from both hemi...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
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更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
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doi：10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.626
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
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更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1986.56.6.1475
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Synaptic interactions between identified neurons in the flight system of the locust were investigated by the use of standard intracellular recording and staining techniques. The intent was to determine the distribution and functional significance of delayed excitatory connections, which have been previously describ...
journal_title：Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1152/jn.1991.65.5.1150
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