Low C4 as a risk factor for severe neuropsychiatric flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to explore the risk factors for 'severe' neuropsychiatric (NP) flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS:This retrospective study comprised newly diagnosed 184 adult SLE patients who visited Hokkaido University Hospital between 2006 and 2017. In this study, severe NP flare was defined as the occurrence of at least one newly developed British Isles Lupus Assessment Group A score in the neurological domain. Overall severe NP flare-free survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Clinical and demographic profiles at SLE diagnosis were assessed as potential risk items in the adjusted multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS:The median follow-up period was 7.9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4.6-12.3) years. A total of 28 (15.2%) patients had one or more severe NP flares during the observation period. The median time from patient enrolment date to severe NP flare occurrence was 3.1 years (IQR 0.9-6.3 year). The 2- and 10-year severe NP flare-free survival rates were 92.7% and 86.0%, respectively. Among the manifestations of severe NP flare, psychosis was the most frequent (19.1%). In the multivariate model, low serum levels of C4 (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.67, p = 0.013) and severe NP manifestations at SLE diagnosis (HR = 7.11, p < 0.001) emerged as independent risk factors for developing severe NP flare. CONCLUSION:The first severe NP flare presented early in the course of SLE. Low C4 level and severe NP manifestations at SLE diagnosis could predict the development of severe NP flare.

journal_name

Lupus

journal_title

Lupus

authors

Aso K,Kono M,Kono M,Watanabe T,Shimizu Y,Ogata Y,Fujieda Y,Kato M,Oku K,Amengual O,Yasuda S,Atsumi T

doi

10.1177/0961203320938453

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1238-1247

issue

10

eissn

0961-2033

issn

1477-0962

journal_volume

29

pub_type

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