Abstract：
:Each of three monkeys was operantly conditioned to slow its heart, to exercise (lift weights) and to attenuate the tachycardia of exercise by combining these two skills. Each was further tested during beta-adrenergic blockade (atenolol), combined alpha-adrenergic blockade (prazosin) and beta-adrenergic blockade, or cholinergic blockade (methylatropine). During all experiments heart rate, stroke volume, intraarterial blood pressure, O2 consumption, and CO2 production were recorded on a beat-to-beat basis. Each animal was able to attenuate the tachycardia of exercise under each of the drug conditions, indicating that "central command" is not the expression of fixed, cardiovascular and pulmonary reflexes elicited by somato-motor commands, but rather is an adaptive behavior, determined by environmental contingencies and mediated by cardiovascular and pulmonary as well as somato-motor commands. The ability of the animals to perform with greater cardiac efficiency during the combined exercise and heart rate slowing task relative to the exercise-only task was not affected by sympathetic blockade; however, parasympathetic blockade did reduce cardiac efficiency.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Engel BT,Talan MIdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(91)90058-vsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-02-01 00:00:00pages
373-82issue
2eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(91)90058-Vjournal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Self-stimulation (SS) of both the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the dorsolateral hippocampus (HPC) is known to develop slowly, over a period of days. In both cases, the acquisition of bar-pressing can be markedly hastened by delivery of noncontingent electrical stimulation for several days prior to SS training. ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90198-8
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Experiment 1, an SC injection of 14 micrograms CRH greatly suppressed the vocalizing of isolated guinea pig pups 1 h later and produced highly elevated plasma cortisol levels. In Experiment 2, SC injection of 18 international units of ACTH produced similar cortisol elevations, but had a negligible effect on vocaliz...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(91)90492-7
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Luxury brand marketers have recently turned their attention to customer-driven social media devoted to their brands. The key concepts of involvement, interaction and behavioral intention provide the theoretical foundation to investigate luxury brands. The purpose of this study is to test a model that analyzes the rela...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.028
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiations are known to cause behavioural perturbations like conditioned taste aversion (CTA), performance decrement, learning, etc., even at very low doses. The manifestation of radiation-induced behavioural degradation has not been understood well and requires further studies. Therefore, the effects of low-dose whol...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00434-6
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between consumption of a confectionery snack after an overnight fast and cognitive function was examined using a variety of cognitive tasks, including spatial memory, verbal memory, attention, visual perception and short-term memory, in a sample of 21 boys, ages 9-12 years. Performance on the vigilanc...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00882-x
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caffeine is considered a cognitive enhancer at low to moderate doses because it improves alertness, vigilance, attention, and reaction time. However, no previous investigation has assessed the effect of acute caffeine intake on e-sports-specific performance. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113031
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple theta cells in the dentate granule cell area of the hippocampal formation of the freely moving rabbit were analyzed during three behavioral conditions: (1) voluntary motor patterns, termed Type 1 theta behaviors; (2) automatic motor patterns, termed Type 2 LIA behaviors; (3) alert immobility with presentation...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(83)90104-x
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Axonal transport deficit is a key mechanism involved in neurodegenerative conditions. Fluoxetine, a commonly used antidepressant for treatment of depression, is known to regulate several important structural and neurochemical aspects of hippocampal functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these effect...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113140
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To characterize learning/memory profiles for the first time in the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock, and to examine whether these are associated with anxiety, we evaluated NIH-HS rats for spatial learning/memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) and in the following anxiety/fear tests: the elevated zero-maze (Z...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.003
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report the role of olfactory bulb (OB) norepinephrine (NE) in the identification and recognition of urinary chemical cues was examined. In Experiment 1, sexually naive adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either the noradrenergic neurotoxin, DSP-4, or the water vehicle, and tested for their ability...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90136-4
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of chronic exposure to immobilization (IMO) on sodium appetite as well as sodium and potassium renal excretion in adult male Wistar rats was studied. The animals were individually housed and all variables under observation were measured in metabolic cages the first, seventh, and thirteenth days once the ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00197-2
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specific immune system is a protective mechanism that detects infection and fights it by production of antibodies. Newborns are especially susceptible to infections because their immune system is not yet as fully developed as that of adults. This has been well established in altricial mammals. Fighting infection i...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.04.008
更新日期：2005-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have shown that physical and/or sexual abuse during childhood may lead to the development of obesity later in life. Despite these consistent findings, the mechanism for the increased risk of obesity following developmental trauma is unknown. It has been suggested that psychological dysfunction, includi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.08.010
更新日期：2009-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examines the effects of electrolytic median raphe lesions on the feeding and drinking behaviors of rats maintained on a 23-hr food deprivation schedule. Measurement of food intake during the feeding period indicated no difference between the two groups but lesioned animals showed significantly more s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(82)90108-1
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and in several sympathetically innervated tissues, including the kidney. Although many central and peripheral acting endogenous compounds alter renal function, the role of NPY is unknown. Accordingly, we examined the effects of intracereb...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90311-9
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although olfactory and vomeronasal projections to the olfactory bulb and to the rest of the brain are quite distinct, it is not clear how the functions of these two chemosensory systems differ. In these experiments we attempted to determine the roles of the main olfactory and vomeronasal sensory systems in mediating s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90214-o
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has previously been found that the GABA transaminase inhibitors gamma-acetylen GABA (GAG) and sodium valproate reduced intromission behavior in male rats without affecting mounting behavior. These effects were obtained, however, only in doses that also impaired motor execution. The purpose of the present study was ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90148-w
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined behavioral consequences of genetic deletion of the adenosine A3 receptors in mice. The open field behavior of A3 adenosine receptor knock-out (A3R KO) mice was investigated both under basal conditions and after stimulation with psychostimulants. Adolescent (21 day-old) and adult A3R KO males showed an...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.09.018
更新日期：2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute exercise evokes an almost instantaneous lymphocytosis, followed by sustained lymphopenia that occurs within just 30-60 min after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to characterize the immediate (order of minutes) post-exercise kinetics of lymphocyte and monocyte egress, and to determine whether this e...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.008
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes pleasant IAPS pictures that elicit low-arousal rather than the high-arousal physiological responses previously reported in the literature. Thirty-two International Affective Picture System (IAPS) photographs were grouped into 4 sets of 8 photographs: highly pleasant-arousing (sexual content and ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.03.031
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a forebrain structure, is involved in many brain functions such as learning and memory. In the present study, the effect of intra-mPFC microinjection of oxytocin, atosiban, morphine and naloxone was investigated on memory processing. Two guide cannulas were implanted into the right and...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112599
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feather pecking in domestic fowl is a behavioral abnormality that consists of mild or injurious pecking at feathers of conspecifics. Previously, it was shown that chicks from a high feather-pecking (HFP) and low feather-pecking (LFP) line of laying hens already differ in their propensity to feather peck at 14 and 28 d...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00667-4
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A new demand feeder was designed for the automatic and accurate feeding of fish. The feeding device is microcomputer controlled and permits the continuous recording of feeding behaviour. The electromechanical feeder consists of a sliding door powered by a solenoid which provides only one weighed pellet when activated ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90244-5
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of fluoxetine on food intake, body weight, and mood of obese individuals was examined in a 16-week inpatient/outpatient study. Six male and eight female obese volunteers began the study (four male and five females completed all phases of the study). They lived in a residential laboratory during three one-w...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00020-7
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavior of primiparous lactating prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and their mates individually interacting with pups was continuously assessed for 45 min after a 2-h parent-litter separation on days 3-4 and 10-11 postpartum. Both sexes were highly parental after reunion with the young, and their general patte...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00270-4
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide range of data in the literature suggests that environmental enrichment has beneficial effects on various cognitive parameters in rodents. However, the magnitude of these effects and their persistence after the cessation of enrichment vary markedly across studies, with the use of different enrichment protocols p...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.09.009
更新日期：2008-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Anatomical studies of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) reward in rats often use the lesion method and, therefore, require repeated behavioral testing before and after the lesion. Other anatomical studies on unlesioned rats use a moveable electrode to permit testing at a number of ICSS sites. Combining these method...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)88990-1
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One group of male rats was reared continuously in small, stable colonies of three animals each during a ten-week period beginning when they were 46 days old. A second group of animals was also reared in small groups of three animals each but membership within these colonies was randomly changed at weekly intervals. Th...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90373-1
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Young adult rats housed in the activity-wheel cages and fed only 1 hr daily, have ulcers in the glandular stomach and reveal immunodeficiency. The present study was attempted to investigate how to separate the ulceration and immunodeficiency in order to utilize the activity-stress (A-S) model as an animal model of the...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(83)90174-9
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the participation of different substantia nigra sites in the sensitization of resistant (R) animals to audiogenic seizures (AS), was performed after series of small (5 mC; n = 28), medium (10 mC; n = 57) and large (15 mC; 3 points of 5 mC each, n = 19) unilateral electrolytic lesions of the substantia ni...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)00050-s
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
