Abstract:
:A pandemic due to novel coronavirus arose in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in 3 months' time swept the world. The disease has been referred to as COVID-19, and the causative agent has been labelled SARS-CoV-2 due to its genetic similarities to the virus (SARS-CoV-1) responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic nearly 20 years earlier. The spike proteins of both viruses dictate tissue tropism using the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE-2) receptor to bind to cells. The ACE-2 receptor can be found in nervous system tissue and endothelial cells among the tissues of many other organs.Neurological complications have been observed with COVID-19. Myalgia and headache are relatively common, but serious neurological disease appears to be rare. No part of the neuraxis is spared. The neurological disorders occurring with COVID-19 may have many pathophysiological underpinnings. Some appear to be the consequence of direct viral invasion of the nervous system tissue, others arise as a postviral autoimmune process, and still others are the result of metabolic and systemic complications due to the associated critical illness. This review addresses the preliminary observations regarding the neurological disorders reported with COVID-19 to date and describes some of the disorders that are anticipated from prior experience with similar coronaviruses.
journal_name
J Neuroviroljournal_title
Journal of neurovirologyauthors
Berger JRdoi
10.1007/s13365-020-00840-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
143-148issue
2eissn
1355-0284issn
1538-2443pii
10.1007/s13365-020-00840-5journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Despite modern antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated sensory neuropathy affects over 50 % of HIV patients. The clinical expression of HIV neuropathy is highly variable: many individuals report few symptoms, but about half report distal neuropathic pain (DNP), making it one of the most prevalent, disabling, and treatm...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s13365-014-0236-8
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) invades and infects the central nervous system (CNS) soon after peripheral infection. The appearance of viral RNA is particularly prominent in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), suggesting an efficient route of virus transfer across the blood-CSF...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280600889567
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To verify the possibility of different role of JC virus genotypes in the etiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we analysed several JC virus isolates amplified from AIDS patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and healthy controls by nucleotide sequencing. Cerebrospinal fl...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/135502801300069638
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natalizumab therapy in multiple sclerosis has been associated with JC polyomavirus-induced progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. We hypothesized that natalizumab may also lead to reactivation of BK, a related human polyomavirus capable of causing morbidity in immunosuppressed groups. Patients with relapsing remi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550280903131923
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies on the coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia have shown that both X4 and R5 viruses are involved in the process. The disease is associated with enhanced virus replication and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/753312763
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most immunosuppressed individuals who develop progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) have a rapid fatal outcome, whereas some become long-term survivors. We explored the impact of the cellular immune response against JC virus (JCV) on the clinical outcome of 7 HIV+ and 3 HIV- individuals with PML. Of the 4 H...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280152537175
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the only herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene that is abundantly transcribed during latency. Plasmids expressing LAT inhibit apoptosis induced by etoposide and ceramide in transiently transfected cells. LAT also inhibits apoptosis in trigeminal ganglia of rabbits and prom...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280290101085
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important cause of neurologic disease in the context of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is recognized as a cause of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Central nervous system...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550281003735717
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continues to be prevalent (30-50%) despite plasma HIV-RNA suppression with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). There is no proven therapy for individuals on suppressive cART with HAND. We have shown that the degree of HIV reservoir burden (HIV DNA) in monocytes app...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-014-0279-x
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, the role of the inflammatory response in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) remains controversial. In this study, JC virus DNA load and levels of cytokines were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CS...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280590924539
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive and functional neural correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are only partially understood at present. Variability in neural response, which has been noted in the literature, may relate to clinical factors associated with HIV, including time since HIV diagnosis, CD4 count and nadir, HIV viral load,...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-014-0257-3
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latent infection of sensory neurons and reactivation are necessary for maintenance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in its host population. It has been proposed that the HSV-1 early gene, thymidine kinase (TK), may play an important regulatory role in this process. The authors used reporter transgenic mice to te...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280490279771
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A neuroinvasive/neuropathogenic SIV variant termed SIVmac182 was previously isolated and characterized (Watry et al, 1994). This neuroinvasive strain was derived from the uncloned strain SIVmac251 through serial animal passage of infected microglia, unlike previously reported neurovirulent strains. Importantly, the vi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289809114528
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid maturation of major white matter pathways occurs in the first 2 years of life, indicating a critical neuronal developmental period. The impact of initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children perinatally infected with HIV-1, after the age of 2 years on neurocognitive functioning and white matter developmen...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-018-0712-7
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controversy remains regarding the neurotoxicity of clade C human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-C). When examined in preclinical studies, a cysteine to serine substitution in the C31 dicysteine motif of the HIV-C Tat protein (C31S) results in less severe brain injury compared to other viral clades. By contrast, patient c...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-016-0503-y
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous human herpes virus typically acquired in childhood when it causes varicella (chickenpox), following which the virus establishes a latent infection in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia that lasts for the life of the individual. VZV subsequently reactivates, spontaneously or...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF03210846
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavivirus encephalitis is believed to be the result of two main mechanisms: (i) direct damage to and dysfunction of neurons as a result of viral replication and (ii) destruction of the brain tissue by an inflammatory response. The differential impact of both mechanisms on the progression of flavivirus encephalitis ha...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280390173319
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous studies in an experimental model of rabies showed neuronal process degeneration in association with severe clinical disease. Cultured adult rodent dorsal root ganglion neurons infected with challenge virus standard (CVS)-11 strain of rabies virus (RABV) showed axonal swellings and reduced axonal growth wi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0320-8
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the neurotropic human polyomavirus JC (JCV) lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. PML was first described as a complication of lymphoproliferative disorders more than 50 years ago and emerged as a major c...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s13365-012-0080-7
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon-inducible expression of major histocompatibility class I genes has previously been found to be quantitatively and functionally deficient in neurons compared to other somatic cells or other neural cell types including astrocytes. This deficiency is a key component of neuronal immunoprivilege during viral inf...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289909021998
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::FIV is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes a spectrum of diseases that is remarkably similar to the clinical syndrome produced by HIV infection in people. Both HIV and FIV has been shown to cause neurologic dysfunction. Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) cats were placed into one of three groups: FIV-PPR infected; DU-...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289609146904
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is the causative agent of herpetic meningoencephalitis in cattle. The purinergic system is described as a modulator of the immune response and neuroinflammation. These functions are related to the extracellular nucleotides concentration. NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase are enzymes respon...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0349-8
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nef undergoes adaptive evolution in the central nervous system (CNS), reflecting altered requirements for HIV-1 replication in macrophages/microglia and brain-specific immune selection pressures. The role of Nef in HIV-1 neurotropism and pathogenesis of HIV-associated dement...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-010-0001-6
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabies is a neurological disease with 100% lethality. Some of the rare human patients who survived after multiple drug treatment had severe sequelae. The present study showed that after 48 h of RABV inoculation, mice injected intracerebrally with anti-RABV F (ab')2 plus Bioporter® showed 70% survival compared to the c...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00883-8
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of related metabolic risk factors, is a common comorbidity associated with cognitive difficulty in people living with HIV (PLWH). Neurobehavioral disturbances (e.g., behavioral manifestations of frontal-subcortical dysfunction) are also prevalent in HIV, yet the role MetS mig...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00878-5
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of pathogenic microbes including neuroinvasive viruses, bacteria and parasites are capable of entry into the central nervous system (CNS) and cause a variety of clinical manifestations. The cellular and molecular mechanisms for the CNS invasion have been extensively studied in the last two decades. Viruses in...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289909021288
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amplification of viral nucleic acids from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has considerably improved the diagnosis of several acute, subacute and chronic viral infections of the nervous system. In herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become the method of choice for the rap...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/13550289609146880
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord and clinically characterized by progressive spastic paraparesis, urinary incontinence, and mild sen...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00881-w
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over 65% of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reside in sub-Saharan Africa, and thus efforts to change the course of the HIV-1 pandemic should focus on this geographic region. Here, we discuss factors, including sexually transmitted diseases and hormonal contraceptive use, that impa...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudorabies virus (PRV) primarily infects swine but can infect cattle, dogs, and cats. Several studies have reported that PRV can cross the specie barrier and induce human encephalitis, but a definitive diagnosis of human PRV encephalitis is debatable due to the lack of PRV DNA detection. Here, we report a case of hu...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00822-2
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00