The Bout Cadence Method Improves the Quantification of Stepping Cadence In Free-Living Conditions.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Existing analytical approaches used to measure free-living stepping cadence (steps per minute; spm) characterize stepping two-ways: 1) 60 s epochs without considering time spent stepping during the epoch (step accumulation; SA), or 2) a bout-based analysis that considers both number of steps and time spent stepping during stepping bouts (total event cadence; TEC). SA and TEC may incorrectly characterize cadence in epochs that do not consist of continuous stepping or if there are marked changes in cadence within a stepping bout, respectively. RESEARCH QUESTION:How does a bout-based analytical method that examines each stepping bout individually and considers within-bout changes in stepping cadence during epochs ≥120 s (Bout Cadence; BC) compare to SA and TEC? METHODS:ActivPAL™-derived data from 122 participants were analyzed (790 total days). SA and TEC were calculated according to previous literature. BC calculated cadence bout-by-bout and stride-by-stride for bouts lasting <120 s and ≥120 s, respectively. Time spent stepping between 0-140 spm (divided into 20 spm bins) or >140 spm were determined for each method. Time spent in slow (0-80 spm), medium (80-120 spm) and fast (>120 spm) cadences for each method were compared via Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS:Almost half (43 %) of the total number of 60 s epochs included ≥2 stepping bouts, and 37 % of total stepping time was accumulated in continuous stepping bouts ≥120 s. Compared to TEC, BC identified more daily time spent in the 20-40 spm and >120 spm cadence bins, but less time spent in the 60-120 spm range. Both SA (fixed bias: -11.0 ± 12.4 min/day) and TEC (fixed bias: -10.0 ± 13.6 min/day) underestimated faster stepping cadences compared to BC. SIGNIFICANCE:Existing analytical approaches largely underestimate faster stepping cadences, resulting in inaccurate measurements of vigorous-intensity stepping activity. The BC better characterizes higher intensity stepping activity, which could have important implications for assessing participants' true habitual stepping activity levels.

journal_name

Gait Posture

journal_title

Gait & posture

authors

Johns JA,Frayne RJ,Goreham JA,Kimmerly DS,O'Brien MW

doi

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.04.014

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-06-01 00:00:00

pages

96-101

eissn

0966-6362

issn

1879-2219

pii

S0966-6362(20)30134-X

journal_volume

79

pub_type

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