Abstract：
:Pilot studies represent a fundamental phase of the research process. The purpose of conducting a pilot study is to examine the feasibility of an approach that is intended to be used in a larger scale study. The roles and limitations of pilot studies are described here using a clinical trial as an example. A pilot study can be used to evaluate the feasibility of recruitment, randomization, retention, assessment procedures, new methods, and implementation of the novel intervention. A pilot study is not a hypothesis testing study. Safety, efficacy and effectiveness are not evaluated in a pilot. Contrary to tradition, a pilot study does not provide a meaningful effect size estimate for planning subsequent studies due to the imprecision inherent in data from small samples. Feasibility results do not necessarily generalize beyond the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the pilot design. A pilot study is a requisite initial step in exploring a novel intervention or an innovative application of an intervention. Pilot results can inform feasibility and identify modifications needed in the design of a larger, ensuing hypothesis testing study. Investigators should be forthright in stating these objectives of a pilot study. Grant reviewers and other stakeholders should expect no more.
journal_name
J Psychiatr Resjournal_title
Journal of psychiatric researchauthors
Leon AC,Davis LL,Kraemer HCdoi
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
626-9issue
5eissn
0022-3956issn
1879-1379pii
S0022-3956(10)00292-Xjournal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Previous studies have reported abnormalities either in the cAMP-dependent endogenous phosphorylation or in the levels of Rap1 in platelets from bipolar patients. One limitation of these findings was that they come from different groups of patients in independent studies. To overcome this limitation, we designed the pr...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(99)00047-3
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Williams syndrome (WMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by relative preservations of language ability and facial processing despite deficits in overall intelligence, problem solving, and visuospatial processing. Subjects with WMS also display hypersocial behavior and excessive linguistic affect during convers...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00024-3
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamatergic therapies are emerging as the new path for the treatment of Major Depression Disorder. Recent reports reviewing the use of glutamate activity modulators in the treatment of resistant depression advocate the importance of understanding the alterations of the diverse components of this complex system in mo...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.04.007
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estimating the prevalence rates of mental disorders is important for developing prevention, treatment, and research plans. Given that survey-based and registry-based prevalence rates of mental disorders each have pros and cons yet complement one another, it is important to consider both assessments when investigating ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.047
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep deprivation (SD) is an effective, however short-lived, method of treatment of depression. Preliminary findings suggest that the antidepressive effect of sleep deprivation is mediated by serotoninergic (5-HT) mechanisms. We therefore assessed serotoninergic activity before and after total SD (TSD) as well as afte...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(96)00062-3
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Even though psychotic depression is related to worse outcomes than nonpsychotic depression, there is increasing evidence that this greater severity is not solely explained by the depressive symptoms. We evaluated the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the differences in clinical outcomes of psy...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.002
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is associated with-but distinct from-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined SCT rates in adult outpatients seeking an ADHD assessment, differences in rates based on ADHD status, impact of assessment method (i.e., reporting source, symptom count, an...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.013
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic schizophrenia patients have personality abnormalities and cognitive deficits that are associated with poor clinical, social, and vocational outcomes. Very few studies have examined relationships between personality and cognitive function, and chronic illness effects may have confounded those studies. In this s...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.022
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the precise pathophysiologies underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet been fully clarified, growing evidence supports the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of this disorder, with microglia being particular relevance in the pathophysiologic processes. OBJECTIVE:The p...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.013
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Binocular depth inversion represents an illusion of visual perception. Such inversion does not occur in all cases, especially when objects with a higher degree of familiarity (e.g. photographs of faces) are displayed. Cognitive factors are assumed to override the binocular disparity cues of stereopsis. We tested the h...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(96)00031-3
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-of-onset data were collected on 142 bipolar probands (61 males, 81 females) and 110 siblings. After correcting for demographic factors the age at illness onset did not distinguish bipolar from unipolar siblings or siblings from probands. This indicates that in a subset of pedigree data, bipolar and unipolar affect...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(82)90030-9
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A substantial number of studies have demonstrated increased imidazoline receptors (I1 binding sites) on platelets of depressed patients and downregulation following antidepressant treatments. Herein, imidazoline receptor binding protein (IRBP) antiserum was used to quantify imidazoline receptors on platelets of depres...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(99)00009-6
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are preoccupied with perceived defects in appearance. Preliminary evidence suggests abnormalities in global and local visual information processing. The objective of this study was to compare global and local processing in BDD subjects and healthy controls by testing the...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.03.015
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with bipolar disorder, recent brain imaging studies have reported cingulate cortex volume change. We performed a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to assess the subregions of the cingulate gyrus; left anterior cingulate (LAC), left posterior cingulate (LPC), right anterior cingulate (RAC), ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.006
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bipolar disorder (BD) and nicotine dependence (ND) often co-occur. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We aimed to examine, for the first time in a national and representative sample, the magnitude and direction of the temporal relationship between BD and ND; and to compare, among indiv...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.012
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is evidence that rates of major depression have increased over this century, with successive birth cohorts showing increased lifetime risks and earlier ages of onset. Two memory effects have been considered possible artifactual causes of these trends: age-related forgetting and postdating early episodes. In this...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(91)90007-w
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychological morbidity concurrent with fertility problems has been the focus of substantial scientific inquiry. However, researchers have largely overlooked psychological resilience within this population. This study explored the associations between resilience, infertility-related and general distress, and coping be...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.06.007
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal exposure to viral infection has been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in the offspring, and it has been suggested that the maternal immune response may interfere with normal fetal brain development. Although studies in rodents have shown that perinatal viral infections can lead to neuropatho...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.08.008
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with ASD have abnormal motor and perceptual functions that do not currently form diagnostic criteria of ASD, but nevertheless may affect everyday behaviour. Temporal processing seems to be one of such non-diagnostic yet impaired domains, although the lack of systematic studies testing different aspects of ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.01.017
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the available evidence on neuropsychological functioning in anxiety disorders is based on clinical samples, investigating persons affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder. Knowledge is sparse regarding cognitive functions in other types of anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether person...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.001
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared unipolar depressed patients (N = 32) with normal controls (N = 38) for their prolactin responses on the thyrotropin releasing hormone test. Depressed patients showed prolactin responses similar to sex matched controls. Among the depressed patients there were no significant differences for prolactin respons...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(88)90007-6
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the evening of 13 November 2015, the deadliest terror attacks in France in recent times occurred in the Paris area. Overall, 130 people were killed, 643 were physically injured and several thousands were psychologically impacted. Thousands of first responders, including health professionals, firefighters, affil...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.018
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is highly prevalent and impairing. Little is known about rates and predictors of persistence of SAD in the community. The current study derived data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Wave 1 (2001-2002, n = 43,093) and Wave 2 (2004-2005, n = 34,653),...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.08.004
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A self-report version of the Lifetime History of Impulsive Behaviors (LHIB) interview was developed and its psychometric properties examined. Initially, forty-two personality disordered and 20 control subjects completed both the interview (I) and self-report (Q53) versions of the LHIB along with other self-report meas...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.11.008
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Executive dysfunction is a core deficit in schizophrenia (SCH). However, some controversy exists when examining such deficits in studies of bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of the present research was to investigate whether executive deficits were similar or distinct in both illnesses. 148 patients with BD, 262 patients...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.008
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temperamental features are strongly associated with suicidal behaviors both in general population and clinical samples. In the present study we considered the association between personality traits, measured by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and suicidal behavior. We analyzed five samples: a German control...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.10.006
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression and anxiety are prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). Reduced ejection fraction (EF) and increased N-terminal-prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have been shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms and may therefore increase HF disease progression and mortality. Th...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.010
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have assessed the possible lateralization deficits of schizophrenics, and the results usually suggest left hemisphere dysfunction. Nevertheless, they have been variable. This may have been due to cognitive demand of the different tasks, not to changes in brain lateralization itself. In order to circumvent...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(90)90058-x
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) enables non-invasive characterization of white matter (WM) structures in vivo. Prior studies suggest that certain WM tracts may be affected in major depressive disorder (MDD), however, hippocampal subfield-specific dMRI measures have not yet been explored in MDD. We...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.008
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gut microbiome is emerging as an important factor in regulating mental health yet it remains unclear what the target should be for psychiatric treatment. We aimed to elucidate the complement of the gut-microbiome community for individuals with bipolar disorder relative to controls; and test for relationships with ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
