Abstract:
:In developed countries that protect core aspects of the fundamental human right to the highest attainable standard of health, how does that right intersect with intellectual property rights? Here, the human rights implication of providing access to all cancer drugs recommended by experts in a developed country is considered in the context of conflict between the incentive to invent and the rights of others to access medicines. Effective incentives to innovate in developed countries can lead to global improvements in access to medicine if the intellectual property system is calibrated to permit this. This depends partly on the usefulness of compulsory licensing and alternative mechanisms facilitating global access to drugs. This review considers tensions between fundamental rights to access essential medicines and rights of the inventor and investors, including the pharmaceutical industry.
journal_name
Drug Discov Todayjournal_title
Drug discovery todayauthors
Khachigian LMdoi
10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-01 00:00:00pages
1135-1141issue
7eissn
1359-6446issn
1878-5832pii
S1359-6446(20)30157-4journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The eventual candidate drug (CD) is often already synthesized during early drug discovery but not nominated until much later. To facilitate the rapid identification of a potential CD, a thoroughly worked-out CD target profile (CDTP) with criteria acceptable for the disease target product profile (TPP) is required at t...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.026
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To maintain orphan drug status at the time of market authorization, orphan medicinal products (OMPs) need to be assessed for all criteria, including significant benefit, by the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Subsequently, health technology assessment (HTA) organi...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.012
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drugs that covalently bond to their biological targets have a long history in drug discovery. A look at drug approvals in recent years suggests that covalent drugs will continue to make impacts on human health for years to come. Although fraught with concerns about toxicity, the high potencies and prolonged effects ac...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2015.05.005
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptide-based drugs are now viable alternatives to biopharmaceuticals, such as antibodies. Most of the past limitations of peptides have been removed by new technologies, so that peptides now face similar hurdles to antibodies. Phage-display technology provides novel peptides that bind protein targets with high affini...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03104-6
更新日期:2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Protein expression therapy using nucleic acid macromolecules (NAMs) as a new paradigm in medicine has recently gained immense therapeutic potential. With the advancement of nonviral delivery it has been possible to target NAMs against cancer, immunodeficiency and infectious diseases. Owing to the complex and fragile s...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.012
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in undesirable cell-cell communication in cancer. However, the release of EVs is not unique to cancer cells; normal cells release EVs to perform physiological roles. Thus, selective inhibition of EV release from cancer cells is desirable. ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.006
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::After years of hesitation a larger number of pharmaceutical and biotech companies are now supporting the idea of a more individualized pharmacotherapy. The companies that are now involved in this research-demanding area will have to face several challenges. The key factor for success will be an in-depth molecular unde...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.010
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Records about the traditional uses of medicinal plants can be considered useful in bioprospecting (i.e., the search for new active agents or lead structures in nature). Several sources like Egyptian papyri, early modern herbals and pharmacopoeias have been studied in this respect. It is proposed to use recordings of b...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.011
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and its development is mainly associated with human papillomavirus infection, a highly sexually transmissible virus. The expression of E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins deregulates cell repairing mechanisms through impairment of tumor suppressor protein...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.011
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, there have been significant developments made in the way new drugs are being discovered and developed. Such changes are driven by new technologies that have expanded the opportunities to prepare and screen large libraries of compounds in a rapid time frame by the use of high-throughput synthesis and s...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03298-2
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia facing physicians, afflicting 13% of men and 11% of women over 85 years of age. Epidemiological studies estimate that there are ≥ 11 million AF sufferers in the seven major economies and that its prevalence will increase two- to threefold over the next 50 ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2012.02.007
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current multiparameter optimization (MPO) strategies make use of few experimental physicochemical descriptors (i.e., solubility at physiological pH and lipophilicity in the octanol/water system). Here, we show how new trends in drug discovery (i.e., large and flexible molecules for 'difficult' targets) call for the in...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.017
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer is the second highest cause of death worldwide. Several therapeutic approaches, such as conventional chemotherapy, antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and nanotherapeutics have been employed in battling cancer. Amongst them, nanotheranostics is an example of successful personalized medicine bearing dual ro...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.009
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have been investigated as oncology targets for several years; however, only recently have potent inhibitors been described. Here, we report on progress in the clinical validation of the PLKs as antitumor drug targets as well as recent understanding gained regarding their synergistic roles ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.002
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring ∼ 22 nt long non-coding small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes involved in development, growth, proliferation and apoptosis. miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved from plants to animals, and they regulate and fine-tune a diverse ar...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.07.003
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review illustrates notable recent progress in the field of medicinal bioinorganic chemistry as many new approaches to the design of innovative metal-based anticancer drugs are emerging. Current research addressing the problems associated with platinum drugs has focused on other metal-based therapeutics that have ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2009.09.003
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare but disabling disorder caused by a wide spectrum of conditions. Given the lack of randomized-controlled trials, contemporary treatment concepts are adapted from guidelines for cerebral ischemia, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and acute traumatic spinal cord injury. In addition...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.015
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paradigm of central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery has mostly relied on traditional approaches of rodent models or cell-based in vitro models. Owing to the issues of species differences between humans and rodents, it is difficult to correlate the robustness of data for neurodevelopmental studies. With advance...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.010
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro human small intestine models play a crucial part in preclinical drug development. Although conventional 2D systems possess many advantages, such as facile accessibility and high-throughput capability, they can also provide misleading results due to their relatively poor recapitulation of in vivo physiology. S...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.003
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling could provide new therapeutic and experimental tools. Although drugs interfering with this pathway have traditionally targeted membrane receptors, the effector enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC), which functions as a signalling catalyst, also presents ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2009.07.007
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::2018 was a remarkable year, both in terms of the number of new molecular entities (NMEs) approved and the organizations developing them. In total, 59 NMEs received a nod from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), most of which were approved using a priority or breakthrough designation. Orphan drugs accounted for ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.022
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years, there has been spirited debate as to the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of cancer. Current efforts to annotate the human genome for germ-line genetic variants should establish the foundation for dissecting the contribution of genetics to the risk for cancer...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03179-4
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Translating academic medical research into new therapies is an important challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry and investment communities, which have historically favored later-stage assets with lower risk and clearer commercial value. The Stanford SPARK program is an innovative model for addressing this challe...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.015
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent increase in pharmaceutical companies' efforts toward the treatment of obesity reflects recognition of the related health risks, the growth of knowledge about mechanisms that control energy balance, and the potential market for new compounds. The current patent literature gives a picture of the targets that ...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03244-1
更新日期:2004-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Telomerase is a ribonucleic reverse transcriptase enzyme that uses an integral RNA component as a template to add tandem telomeric DNA repeats, TTAGGG, at the 3' end of the chromosomes. 85-90% of human tumors and their derived cell lines predominantly express high levels of telomerase, therefore contributing to cancer...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.015
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past five years therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have established themselves as perhaps the most important and rapidly expanding class of therapeutic drugs. More than 25% of pharmacological agents that are currently under development are based on antibodies and the total income generated from them in 2002 exce...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02714-4
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel neuroprotective therapies are desperately needed to improve neuronal recovery after ischemic stroke and extend the therapeutic window or offset some of the adverse effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). These advances could provide a more effective and safe therapeutic regimen for patients with isch...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.011
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only recognized therapy for glaucoma. Hence, drugs exhibiting ocular hypotensive effects are important targets for antiglaucomatous drug development. IOP is determined by the equilibrium of aqueous humor production and outflow through either the trabecular meshwork or t...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.033
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clear links between cancer and cellular signaling triggered by the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-IR) and its cognate ligands (IGF-I and IGF-II) have been reported throughout the past two decades. Experimental results suggest that the pharmaceutical targeting of this signaling pathway could be bene...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03512-9
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, but, unfortunately, only a few medications are currently on the market. Obesity is primarily regarded as a disorder of lipid metabolism and the enzymes involved in this process could be selectively targeted to develop antiobesity drugs. Recently, newer appro...
journal_title:Drug discovery today
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.024
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00