An Introduction to Causal Diagrams for Anesthesiology Research.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multicapillary column ion-mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) may identify volatile components in exhaled gas. The authors therefore used MCC-IMS to evaluate exhaled gas in a rat model of sepsis, inflammation, and hemorrhagic shock. METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and ventilated via tracheost...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Fink T,Wolf A,Maurer F,Albrecht FW,Heim N,Wolf B,Hauschild AC,Bödeker B,Baumbach JI,Volk T,Sessler DI,Kreuer S

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In this open, randomized study, the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of a 48-h continuous interscalene infusion of 2 mg/ml ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief were investigated in patients undergoing open major shoulder surgery. METHODS:An initial interscalene block with 30 ml ropivacai...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Ekatodramis G,Borgeat A,Huledal G,Jeppsson L,Westman L,Sjövall J

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perioperative thoracic epidural analgesia reduces stress response and pain scores and may improve outcome after cardiac surgery. This prospective, randomized trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia with patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous mo...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Hansdottir V,Philip J,Olsen MF,Eduard C,Houltz E,Ricksten SE

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deliberate hypotension was induced with isoflurane (mean inspired concentration 2.3 +/- 1.0%) in 12 patients undergoing craniotomy for clipping of cerebral aneurysms. Global cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured before, during, and after hypotension. Arterio-venous O2 content difference was measured concomitantly, an...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Newman B,Gelb AW,Lam AM

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal studies have provided considerable evidence to support a role of histamine in the central nervous system in thermoregulation, and premedication with a histamine H2 receptor antagonist before general anesthesia is used to reduce the risk of acid aspiration. The authors investigated whether premedicatio...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Hirose M,Hara Y,Matsusaki M

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Diaphragm and psoas are affected during sepsis in animal models. Whether diaphragm or limb muscle is preferentially affected during sepsis in the critically ill remains unclear. METHODS:Retrospective secondary analysis study including 40 patients, comparing control (n = 17) and critically ill patients, with...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Jung B,Nougaret S,Conseil M,Coisel Y,Futier E,Chanques G,Molinari N,Lacampagne A,Matecki S,Jaber S

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent interest in shortening the fasting interval after ingestion of milk products demonstrated large volumes of breast milk in the stomach 2 h after breastfeeding. Although aspiration is a rare event, if it were to occur with human breast milk, it is important to understand the extent of the lung injury th...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： O'Hare B,Lerman J,Endo J,Cutz E

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previously, the authors found that anesthetized diabetic dogs had increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen consumption (CMRO2). These results may have been influenced by anesthesia or surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether CBF and CMRO2 are increased in the awake or anesthetized state ...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Sieber FE,Brown PR,Wu Y,Koehler RC,Traystman RJ

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In pediatric patients, obstruction of the upper airway is a common problem during general anesthesia. Chin lift is a commonly used technique to improve upper airway patency. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this technique. METHODS:The authors studied the effect of the chin lift maneuv...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Reber A,Wetzel SG,Schnabel K,Bongartz G,Frei FJ

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The authors reviewed efficacy and safety data for ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). METHODS:Systematically searched, randomized, controlled trials (obtained through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts, manufacturer's database, manual searching of journals, and article ref...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Tramèr MR,Reynolds DJ,Moore RA,McQuay HJ

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A primary source of calcium (Ca2+) necessary for excitation contraction in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) is influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Thus, force generation in VSM is coupled closely to resting transmembrane potential, which itself is primarily a function of potassium conductance. Previously...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Kokita N,Stekiel TA,Yamazaki M,Bosnjak ZJ,Kampine JP,Stekiel WJ

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood flow in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit was estimated from the wash out of intraneurally injected 133Xe. To avoid diffusion of the tracer into the surrounding muscular tissue, the nerve was covered by a gas-tight plastic film. Using this technique, the basal blood flow in the sciatic nerve was estimated to 3...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Selander D,Månsson LG,Karlsson L,Svanvik J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiopental was used in long-term infusion (3-4.5 mg . kg-1 . h-1 during 4-8 days) to protect the brain from injury following trauma. Thiopental plasma concentrations were measured during infusion (48 patients) and after infusion (14 patients) to determine the kinetics of the drug in continuous infusion. All mean value...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Turcant A,Delhumeau A,Premel-Cabic A,Granry JC,Cottineau C,Six P,Allain P

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The current investigation aimed to study the efficacy of hemostatic therapy guided either by conventional coagulation analyses or point-of-care (POC) testing in coagulopathic cardiac surgery patients. METHODS:Patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery were assessed for eligibility. Those patients in whom...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Weber CF,Görlinger K,Meininger D,Herrmann E,Bingold T,Moritz A,Cohn LH,Zacharowski K

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Only limited data exist comparing differences in sensory function and responses to neural blockade in infant and adult rats. Therefore, the authors sought (1) to compare baseline thermal, proprioceptive, and postural responses in infant, adolescent, and adult rats; and (2) to compare the effects of sciatic n...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Hu D,Hu R,Berde CB

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator that, in clinically used concentrations, relaxes airway smooth muscle in part by a direct effect. This study explored the role of calcium concentration (Ca2+) in this relaxation. METHODS:Canine trachea smooth muscle strips were loaded with the fluorescent probe fura-2 and...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Pabelick CM,Jones KA,Street K,Lorenz RR,Warner DO

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preanesthesia medical examination is a common procedure performed before ophthalmic surgery. The frequency and characteristics of new medical issues and unstable medical conditions revealed by ophthalmic preanesthesia medical examination are unknown. We conducted a prospective observational study to estimate...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Phillips MB,Bendel RE,Crook JE,Diehl NN

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although transesophageal echocardiography allows continuous intraoperative cardiac monitoring, the technique has been limited by the lack of a method for realtime, quantitative assessment of cardiac chamber size and systolic function. Automated border detection (ABD), based on an analysis of integrated backs...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Perrino AC Jr,Luther MA,O'Connor TZ,Cohen IS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the cerebral protective effects of hypothermia in arterial hypoxia, anesthetized (70% N2O), mechanically ventilated rats were cooled to a body temperature of 27 C. Hypoxia was induced by decreasing the oxygen content in the inspired gas mixture either to 6-7 per cent or to 2.5-3 per cent. This reduced mean Pa...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Carlsson C,Hägerdal M,Siesjö BK

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Emergence delirium has been investigated in several clinical trials. However, no reliable and valid rating scale exists to measure this phenomenon in children. Therefore, the authors developed and evaluated the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale to measure emergence delirium in children. M...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Sikich N,Lerman J

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In this study, the authors determined the success and failure rates for interns learning bag-and-mask ventilation and orotracheal intubation. Their goal was to determine the amount of experience needed to perform these procedures correctly. METHODS:The authors recorded 695 bag-and-mask ventilations and 679 ...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Komatsu R,Kasuya Y,Yogo H,Sessler DI,Mascha E,Yang D,Ozaki M

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels integrate nociceptive stimuli and are predominantly expressed by unmyelinated C-fiber nociceptors, but not low-threshold mechanoreceptive sensory or motor fibers. A recent report showed that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel agonist capsaic...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Gerner P,Binshtok AM,Wang CF,Hevelone ND,Bean BP,Woolf CJ,Wang GK

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dexmedetomidine (DMED) is a highly selective centrally acting alpha 2-adrenergic agonist thought to provide significant sedation without appreciable ventilatory effects. This double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment evaluated four dose levels of DMED (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms/kg intravenously over 2 min) ...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Belleville JP,Ward DS,Bloor BC,Maze M

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complications after major surgery are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiology of postoperative complications is complex, but poor cardiorespiratory reserve appears to be a key factor. There is increasing interest in the use of central and mixed venous oxygen saturation to guide therapeutic interventio...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Shepherd SJ,Pearse RM

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring during anesthesia is a standard of care, reference ranges for blood pressure in anesthetized children are not available. We developed sex- and age-specific reference ranges for NIBP in children during anesthesia and surgery. METHODS:In this retrospective...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： de Graaff JC,Pasma W,van Buuren S,Duijghuisen JJ,Nafiu OO,Kheterpal S,van Klei WA

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The memory-blocking properties of general anesthetics are of high clinical relevance and scientific interest. The inhalational anesthetic xenon antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. It is unknown if xenon affects long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate for memory formation. In hippoca...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Kratzer S,Mattusch C,Kochs E,Eder M,Haseneder R,Rammes G

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen cases of sudden cardiac arrest in healthy patients who received spinal anesthesia were discovered in a preliminary review of 900 closed insurance claims for major anesthetic mishaps. All patients were resuscitated from the intraoperative cardiac arrest, but six suffered such severe neurologic injury that they...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Caplan RA,Ward RJ,Posner K,Cheney FW

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Blood pressure (BP) monitoring with arterial waveform display requires an arterial cannula. We evaluated a new noninvasive device, Vasotrac (Medwave, Arden Hills, MN) that provides BP measurements approximately every 12-15 beats and displays pulse rate and a calibrated arterial waveform for each BP measureme...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Belani K,Ozaki M,Hynson J,Hartmann T,Reyford H,Martino JM,Poliac M,Miller R

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The mechanism by which barbiturates protect neurons against ischemia is unclear, particularly when they are given after ischemia or reperfusion begins. Because an excess release of excitatory neurotransmitters causes postsynaptic membrane depolarization, which triggers neuronal damage in ischemia, the effect...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Amakawa K,Adachi N,Liu K,Ikemune K,Fujitani T,Arai T

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nonimmobilizers are agents that lack anesthetic properties, although their chemical structure is very similar to known anesthetics. The primary action site of both agents, whether at the membrane or target protein level, is still a matter of debate. However, increasing evidence points to the distinct modific...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Koubi L,Tarek M,Bandyopadhyay S,Klein ML,Scharf D

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00