Abstract：
:The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America was charged to identify strategies beyond medical care to address health disparities in the U.S. related to social and economic disadvantage. Based on insights gained while providing scientific support for the commission's efforts, this paper presents an overview of major issues that arise when assessing evidence to inform policies and programs to address the social determinants of health. While many of the insights are not new, they have not been widely assimilated within medicine and public health. They have particular relevance now, given growing awareness of the important health influences of social factors. The discussion presented here is intended to highlight key considerations for researchers who study social determinants of health and policymakers whose decisions are shaped by research findings. Policies should be based on the best available knowledge, derived from diverse sources and methods. An array of tools and guidelines is now available to guide the assessment of evidence on the social determinants of health, building on--and going beyond--principles first articulated in the "Evidence-Based Medicine" movement. The central thesis of the current paper is that the standards for evidence to guide social policies must be equally rigorous but also more comprehensive than those traditionally used to inform clinical interventions, because social policies must deal with upstream factors that affect health through complex causal pathways over potentially long time periods.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Braveman PA,Egerter SA,Woolf SH,Marks JSdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.026subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
S58-66issue
1 Suppl 1eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(10)00551-9journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：INTRODUCTION:Restaurant food is widely consumed by children and is associated with poor diet quality. Although many restaurants have made voluntary commitments to improve the nutritional quality of children's menus, it is unclear whether this has led to meaningful changes. METHODS:Nutrients in children's menu items (n...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2016.11.007
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sedentary behaviors (including sitting) may increase mortality risk independently of physical activity level. Little is known about how fidgeting behaviors might modify the association. METHODS:Data were from the United Kingdom (UK) Women's Cohort Study. In 1999-2002, a total of 12,778 women (aged 37-78 y...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.025
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Health care provider encouragement for particular preventive behaviors is associated with patient adherence, but it is unclear whether a provider's overall prevention approach influences whether patients engage in recommended preventive measures. We examined whether older women who perceived that their healt...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00184-7
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to death, disability, disparities, and reduced quality of life in the United States. Successful prevention and control of these diseases requires a comprehensive approach applied across multiple public health settings and in all life stages. Individual lifestyle and behav...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.026
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Previously estimated effects of social distancing do not account for changes in individual behavior before the implementation of stay-at-home policies or model this behavior in relation to the burden of disease. This study aims to assess the asynchrony between individual behavior and government stay-at-hom...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.012
更新日期：2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The disparity in health status between black and white Americans exists chiefly because of an excess of preventable disease in blacks. This situation calls for an increase in preventive services for blacks, services which might best be implemented or directed by black specialists in preventive medicine. However, there...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Stair climbing is an accessible activity that can be incorporated into one's daily lifestyle to increase physical activity levels and provide health benefits. This review summarizes the effectiveness of stair interventions and explores key differences that may influence intervention effectiveness. EVIDENCE ACQ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.014
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) greatly reduces risk of HIV infection in HIV-negative individuals, use is not widespread enough to impact HIV incidence. Involvement of primary care physicians (PCPs) in PrEP prescription is essential, but previous research has shown low rates of prescription among ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.025
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) programs cost-effectively reduce colon cancer mortality. To improve the rate of colon cancer screening with FOBT, we tested the effect of mailing FOBT cards timed to appointments on the rates of completion of FOBT. DESIGN:Controlled trial. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:A total of 1...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2004.02.009
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Opioid and sedative/hypnotic drug overdoses are major causes of morbidity in the U.S. This study compares 12-month incidence of fatal unintentional drug overdose, suicide, and other mortality among emergency department patients presenting with nonfatal opioid or sedative/hypnotic overdose. METHODS:This is...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.012
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Telephone quitlines are utilized by diverse individuals and represent an effective tobacco-cessation modality. Quitlines allow tobacco users to seek support for multiple quit attempts. Little is known about how frequently tobacco users take advantage of this opportunity. No studies have been conducted to det...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.025
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Planners have relied on the urban development boundary (UDB)/urban growth boundary (UGB) and central business district (CBD) to encourage contiguous urban development and conserve infrastructure. However, no studies have specifically examined the relationship between proximity to the UDB/UGB and CBD and walk...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.008
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Both medication and surgical interventions can be used to treat obesity, yet their use and effectiveness in routine clinical practice are not clear. This study sought to characterize the prevalence and management of patients with obesity within a large U.S. academic medical center. METHODS:All patients ag...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.01.018
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modifying identified risk factors for cardiovascular disease should change an individual's risk. Educational interventions might change behavior to modify some risk factors. To evaluate this possibility, we evaluated the health and fitness status of freshman medical students at the University of Utah (n = 89) in 1983 ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the need for universal and better health education has been recognized, no nationwide comprehensive program has been established. Consequently, we are proposing founding a national program of statewide health education networks, comparable in some ways to the Cooperative Extension Services of Land-Grant and S...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improving population health requires understanding and changing societal structures and functions, but countervailing forces sometimes undermine those changes, thus reflecting the adaptive complexity inherent in public health systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose systems thinking as a conceptual rubric for ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.014
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Healthcare organizations are transitioning from fee-for-service, volume-based care toward value-based care and the Triple Aim. Physicians have critical roles as leaders and practitioners in this emerging field of population health management; however, the competencies required of these physicians are not w...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.016
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration extended the licensure for human papillomavirus vaccination to include everyone aged 27-45 years. In 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued a recommendation that adults aged 27-45 years and their providers engage in shared clinical decis...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.031
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and patient satisfaction with medical encounters among an African-American population. DESIGN:Cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous survey. SETTING:Community-based, primary care center. PATIENTS:Consecutive African-Am...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00233-6
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Climate change could significantly affect vectorborne disease in humans. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other climatic factors are known to affect the reproduction, development, behavior, and population dynamics of the arthropod vectors of these diseases. Climate also can affect the development of pathogens...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.030
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic; overdoses can lead to liver damage. Little is known about the relationship of health literacy to exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose (4 g). METHODS:Subjects were recruited at 23 U.S. malls in 2011. Health literacy was measured by Rapid Estim...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.005
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Circles of Tobacco Wisdom (CTW) was an elder-led, community-based project that aimed to enhance tobacco control in the American Indian community. Its goal was to provide elders with the knowledge, opportunities, and support to enable them to assume leadership of a tobacco control movement that was grounded i...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.003
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Tobacco contributes to multiple cancers, and it is largely preventable. As overall smoking prevalence in California declines, smoking has become concentrated among high-risk groups. Targeting social/cultural groups (i.e., "peer crowds") that share common values, aspirations, and activities in social venues...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2017.03.026
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Project HeartBeat! was a longitudinal "growth" study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and body composition in childhood and adolescence. Its findings demonstrate patterns of change from ages 8 to 18 years in anthropometric indicators of adiposity, blood lipid components, and blood pressure measurements, as...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.013
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether the source and emphasis of mailed messages about skin cancer would differentially activate patients to initiate skin cancer prevention by calling a toll-free number. METHODS:We mailed a questionnaire to 981 randomly selected patients of a large medical group to assess their concern a...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While the U.S. elderly population uses a disproportionate amount of healthcare resources, there is limited knowledge from prospective studies regarding the impact of lifestyle-related factors on costs in this group. The association was examined between smoking, drinking, exercise, body mass index (BMI), and ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.005
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adolescence and young adulthood, a period essential for determining exposures over the life-course, is an ideal time to intervene to lower cancer risk. This demographic group can be viewed as both the target audience and generator of messages for cancer prevention, such as skin cancer, obesity-, tobacco-, and human pa...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2017.05.024
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factor analysis, combined with an evaluation of item difficulty and discrimination, can provide useful insights in questionnaire development. In 1993, as part of a study to develop a questionnaire to assess performance of the core functions of public health at a community level, 370 local health departments (LHDs) in ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine demographics and immunization attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of parents who sought medical attention for a child due to an adverse event following immunization (AEFI). METHODS:A sample of households that participated in the National Immunization Survey was re-contacted during 2001. This analysi...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.017
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a need to assess better the relationship between physical activity and other health behaviors through population-based studies. Using the state-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined the behavioral risk factors of smoking, alcohol use, hypertension detection, obesity, seat-belt use, and...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
