Abstract:
ISSUES:Etizolam is a thienodiazepine derivative, with high affinity for the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors. It is often referred to as a new (or novel) psychoactive substance, a 'designer' benzodiazepine or a 'street benzodiazepine'. Increasing reports of non-medical use, identification of etizolam as an ingredient in counterfeit medications and the common identification of etizolam in drug-related deaths, highlight the need for a greater understanding of etizolam. APPROACH:A rapid narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to synthesise what is known about etizolam to answer two research questions: (i) Does the pharmacological or toxicological profile of etizolam differ from other benzodiazepines?; and (ii) What is the nature and context of non-medical use and harms related to etizolam? KEY FINDINGS:Etizolam has a higher potency as an anxiolytic but lower lethality compared with diazepam. Few harms are documented with the therapeutic use of pharmaceutical products. Harms appear to be predominantly related to the use of etizolam in illicitly manufactured pills and occur almost exclusively in the context of mixed-drug toxicity. CONCLUSION:In therapeutic doses, there is little to suggest that etizolam is more harmful than other benzodiazepines. Most harms with etizolam appear to be related to the wide availability of illicitly manufactured pills, which are taken in unknown doses and combined with other substances. Current harm reduction advice, including avoiding combining opioids and benzodiazepines, remains relevant and increasingly important within an emerging culture of non-medical use.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Revjournal_title
Drug and alcohol reviewauthors
Nielsen S,McAuley Adoi
10.1111/dar.13052subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-01 00:00:00pages
330-336issue
4eissn
0959-5236issn
1465-3362journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study examined the prevalence and predictors of smoking by pregnant women attending a public antenatal clinic. The prevalence of smoking in this population (n = 2577) was found to be 38.0% (95% CI 36.1-39.9%). A review of previous research investigating variables associated with smoking in pregnancy indicated tha...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239700186321
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The opioid-related behaviours in treatment (ORBIT) scale are a measure of recent indicators of potential extra-medical opioid use. Indicators of potential extra-medical opioid use are divergent practices among people prescribed opioids that may place them at risk of harm. This study aimed to exami...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.13021
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:ISSUES:The randomised control trial (RCT) is a widely used tool for measuring the effectiveness of health treatments and services. However, subject recruitment is an ongoing challenge for those conducting RCTs and may have a serious impact on the success of the study and the reliability of the outcomes. APPROACH:In th...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09595230701829561
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:This study investigated the extent to which parental monitoring and parental disapproval of alcohol use account for the association between country of birth and adolescent alcohol use. DESIGN AND METHODS:The sample consisted of 10 273 adolescents from grades 7 (Mean age = 12.5 years), 9 (14.5 yea...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12413
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article amplifies the decision to subtitle the INEBRIA2009 Conference 'Breaking New Ground'. The effectiveness of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for hazardous and harmful drinking is now well-established for primary health care and is promising for other medical settings. In addition, significant advances...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00204.x
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Acute harm from heavy drinking episodes is an increasing focus of public health policy, but capturing timely data on acute harms in the population is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the precision of readily available administrative emergency department (ED) data in public health surveill...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12458
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Previous studies have suggested that methadone is associated with prolonged corrected-QT (QTc) interval, but published prospective research studies in this area are relatively scarce. This study investigates QTc interval change among methadone maintenance patients and possible associated risk fact...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12099
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Despite an increased prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among members of sporting groups and at sporting venues, sporting clubs frequently fail to implement alcohol management practices consistent with liquor legislation and best practice guidelines. The aim of this s...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/dar.12252
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Petrol sniffing is a major form of substance misuse in Aboriginal communities across Australia. This practice has detrimental effects on the health and wellbeing of individual sniffers, their families, communities and wider society. There are few examples of programmes that have successfully stopped petrol sniffing. T...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230600644640
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:There has been a global increase in the availability and use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) over the last decade. Phenibut (β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid) is a GABAB agonist that is used as an NPS. Here, we bring together published scientific and grey information sources to further understa...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12356
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the characteristics associated with smoking during pregnancy. A total of 7836 pregnant women were surveyed between 1992 and 1999 in England. Of these 27% were smoking during pregnancy. Pregnant women were more likely to smoke if they were less educated, living in rented accommodation, in unskil...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230220119291
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Gender differences have been reported in adult substance users, but little research has examined gender differences in adolescents presenting to treatment services. This study aimed to explore gender differences in adolescents presenting to a withdrawal service. DESIGN AND METHODS:All presentatio...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00152.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Opioid substitution therapy (OST) ideally constitutes a window of opportunity for the provision of essential primary health care (PHC) for OST clients. In the absence of such opportunities, however, OST clients access PHC from existing outlets, either general services or those targeted to specific...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00498.x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:This paper explores excessive appetites, addiction and rehabilitation as described in the autobiographies, memoirs and diaries of rock artists. DESIGN AND METHODS:The data collection focused on autobiographical rock books written in English by internationally recognised rock artists before 2011. ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00474.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs entails considerable burden of disease: in 2000, about 4% of the global burden as measured in disability adjusted life years was attributable to each alcohol and tobacco, and 0.8% to illicit drugs. The burden of alcohol in the above statistic was calculated as net burden, ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09595230600944453
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will concentrate on the contributions medical science, in particular pharmacology and electrophysiology, have made to the understanding of withdrawal states and so will look mostly at the first element in withdrawal. Behavioural and emotional issues will be dealt with in the section on management. ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239100185241
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Problematic drinking and executive functioning deficits are two known risk factors for intimate partner aggression (IPA). However, executive functioning is a multifaceted construct, and it is not clear whether deficits in specific components of executive functioning are differentially associated w...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12454
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advancing ideas pioneered in the United States of America, Australian medical reformers and their lay supporters persuaded colonial governments in the late nineteenth century to recognize that alcohol dependence was a treatable disease. In practice, that recognition was only partial. While inebriates legislation was e...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239200185101
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers agree that while hepatitis B maybe in control, hepatitis C is present in epidemic proportions among injecting drug users and that current HIV prevention strategies have not been sufficient to halt the spread of this hepatitis virus, although there is some evidence to suggest that incidence rates are stabil...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239800187391
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The high prevalence of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among clients of alcohol and other drug (AOD) services is well documented. Less is known, however, about the impact this has on workers who assess and treat such clients. The aim of this study was to examine the preva...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12204
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The decision to drink and drive may involve the subjective process of weighing the perceived risks of adverse consequences of the behaviour against perceived utility components. Deterrence theory proposes that an individual will refrain from drink-driving if the perceived chances of experiencing negative outcomes asso...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239600185651
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Indicators suggest an escalation in opioid use globally, with recent HIV outbreaks linked to non-medical pharmaceutical opioid (NMPO) use. Little is known about how young Australians engage in NMPO use. DESIGN AND METHODS:During 2015, we conducted qualitative interviews with young people (16-29 y...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12474
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Emerging research suggests that the sub-population of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users who experience physical appearance concerns may suffer greater psychological dysfunction than other sub-populations, including users with athletic or occupational concerns. Thus, among current AAS users, ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12688
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Cannabis use rates in Australia have declined since 2001. No research to date has examined possible reasons, despite evident policy interest in understanding such a positive public health outcome. In a 'first pass' examination, five possible reasons are explored: (i) attitudinal shifts regarding t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12553
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:ISSUES:The last Soviet anti-alcohol campaign of 1985 resulted in considerably reduced alcohol consumption and saved thousands of lives. But once the campaign's policies were abandoned and the Soviet alcohol monopoly broken up, a steep rise in mortality was observed in many of the newly formed successor countries, altho...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/dar.13204
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:As South Africa, especially the Western Cape Province, faces an epidemic of methamphetamine use disorder, therapeutic approaches suited to the South African context are needed. This secondary analysis assessed retention and methamphetamine abstinence outcomes in response to an 8-week pilot conting...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.13019
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Policy makers have repeatedly placed emphasis on the role of primary care in screening for at-risk alcohol consumption and delivering public health messages to the general population. Research has pointed to primary care staff holding negative attitudes towards alcohol misusing patients. Training has traditionally bee...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0959523021000002750
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Insight is a multi-dimensional construct that predicts treatment outcomes of people with mental illness. Research into insight in substance dependent populations is limited and measures of cognitive insight have not been validated for this population. DESIGN AND METHODS:A cross sectional survey w...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12966
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project (SHAHRP) aimed to reduce alcohol-related harm by enhancing students' abilities to identify and deal with high-risk drinking situations and issues. The SHAHRP study involved a quasi-experimental research design, incorporating intervention and control groups and measu...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0959523031000154409
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:To study rates of 3-month retention in a drug treatment therapeutic community and the characteristics of residents who remain in treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS:A total of 200 consecutive admissions to a therapeutic community in Christchurch, New Zealand received a structured interview and question...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00050.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00