Abstract:
:The metabolic content of urine from NIH III nude mice (n = 22) was analysed before and after inoculation with human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer cells. An age- and gender-matched control population (n = 14) was also studied to identify non-tumour-related changes. Urine samples were collected daily for 6 weeks, beginning 1 week before cell injection. Metabolite concentrations were obtained via targeted profiling with Chenomx Suite 5.1, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra acquired on an Oxford 800 MHz cold probe NMR spectrometer. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to evaluate the significance of the change in metabolite concentration between the two time points. Both the metabolite concentrations and the ratios of pairs of metabolites were studied. The complicated inter-relationships between metabolites were assessed through partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for all variables and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated. The data indicate that the number of statistically significant changes in metabolite concentrations was more pronounced in the tumour-bearing population than in the control animals. This was also true of the ratios of pairs of metabolites. ROC analysis suggests that the ratios were better able to differentiate between the pre- and post-injection samples compared to the metabolite concentrations. PLS-DA models produced good separation between the populations and had the best AUC results (all models exceeded 0.937). These results demonstrate that metabolomics may be used as a screening tool for GBM cells grown in xenograft models in mice.
journal_name
Phys Med Bioljournal_title
Physics in medicine and biologyauthors
Moroz J,Turner J,Slupsky C,Fallone G,Syme Adoi
10.1088/0031-9155/56/3/002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-07 00:00:00pages
535-56issue
3eissn
0031-9155issn
1361-6560pii
S0031-9155(11)66009-5journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms are recognized as the most accurate methodology for patient dose assessment. For intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) delivered with dynamic multileaf collimators (DMLCs), accurate dose calculation, even with MC, is challenging. Accurate IMRT MC dose calculations require inclusion o...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/17/312
更新日期:2002-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are widely used in positron emission tomography (PET), however, SiPMs from different vendors vary in their performance characteristics. In addition, the specifications provided by the manufacturers are measured under different operating conditions and using different test setups, makin...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab1c37
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation scheme where a small current is delivered to the brain via two electrodes attached to the scalp. The electrode design is an important topic, not only as regards efficacy, but also from a safety perspective, as tDCS may be related to skin lesions that ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/61/24/8825
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Boundary element methods (BEM) are used for forward computation of bioelectromagnetic fields in multi-compartment volume conductor models. Most BEM approaches assume that each compartment is in contact with at most one external compartment. In this work, I present a general surface integral equation and BEM discretiza...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/22/N606
更新日期:2016-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical value of multiple b-value diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown in many studies. However, DW-MRI often suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio, especially at high b-values. To address this limitation, we present an image denoising method based on the concept of deep image ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab8105
更新日期:2020-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::An experimental investigation of the central axis depth-dose and stopping rate distribution of the SIN biomedical pion beam is reported. The pion stopping rate in a thin disc of tissue-equivalent plastic was determined using a counter telescope. The dose rate at the position of this dic 'target' was measured using a s...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/22/3/007
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal screw placement is a challenging task due to small bone corridors and high risk of neurological or vascular complications, benefiting from precision guidance/navigation and quality assurance (QA). Implicit to both guidance and QA is the definition of a surgical plan-i.e. the desired trajectories and device sele...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa5f42
更新日期:2017-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::The imaging performance of a high-resolution preclinical micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) system employing liquid xenon (LXe) as the gamma-ray detection medium was simulated. The arrangement comprises a ring of detectors consisting of trapezoidal LXe time projection ionization chambers and two arrays of ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/6/1685
更新日期:2012-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::An iterative algorithm has been developed to reduce blur artefacts in images obtained from the Pho/Con multiplane tomographic scanner. In this technique estimates of the activity distribution are convolved with the detector response function and compared with the original blurred image planes. Successive estimates of ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/30/7/004
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement of total body nitrogen is assuming increasing importance in the nutritional evaluation of seriously ill patients. Nitrogen has been previously measured either by counting (i) the annihilation radiation from 13N immediately after neutron irradiation with 14 MeV neutrons or (ii) the 'prompt' gamma rays from ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/29/4/008
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Values of the relative permittivity and conductivity of the rabbit retina and lens have been measured between 10 MHz and 10 GHz over the temperature range 20 to -20 degrees C. As the temperature was lowered from 20 degrees C the dielectric parameters changed smoothly until -9 degrees C where freezing occurred. At this...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/30/9/009
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Area laser lathing and trephination of donor corneas is used to produce different types of grafts for human transplantation. 193 nm (ArF excimer) laser radiation is used, since this is known to give a non-thermal laser-tissue interaction with a minimal zone of tissue damage. To guarantee the highest degree of flexibil...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/44/5/005
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, the Task Group 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed new mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) for adult male and female. When compared to the current voxel-type reference computational phantoms in ICRP Publication 110, the MRCPs have several advanta...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aafcdb
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, a coupled radiative transfer equation and diffusion approximation model is extended for light propagation in turbid medium with low-scattering and non-scattering regions. The light propagation is modelled with the radiative transfer equation in sub-domains in which the assumptions of the diffusion appro...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/20/011
更新日期:2005-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::A pencil beam model for the calculation of the lateral scattering in water of protons for any therapeutic energy and depth is presented. It is based on the full Molière theory, taking into account the energy loss and the effects of mixtures and compounds. Concerning the electromagnetic part, the model has no free para...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/4/N102
更新日期:2016-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::In this response we underscore that the instrumentation described in the original publication (Liu et al 2012 Phys. Med. Biol. 57 843-65) was based on pulse-sampling technique, while the comment by Zhang et al is based on the assumption that a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) instrumentation was used. Th...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa5231
更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::We present a new method for automated characterization of atherosclerotic plaque composition in ex vivo MRI. It uses MRI intensities as well as four other types of features: smoothed, gradient magnitude and Laplacian images at several scales, and the distances to the lumen and outer vessel wall. The ground truth for f...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/1/241
更新日期:2012-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Correct classification of cystoscopy images depends on the interpreter's experience. Bladder cancer is a common lesion that can only be confirmed by biopsying the tissue, therefore, the automatic identification of tumors plays a significant role in early stage diagnosis and its accuracy. To our best knowledge, the use...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaa3af
更新日期:2018-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoperative x-ray radiography/fluoroscopy is commonly used to assess the placement of surgical devices in the operating room (e.g. spine pedicle screws), but qualitative interpretation can fail to reliably detect suboptimal delivery and/or breach of adjacent critical structures. We present a 3D-2D image registratio...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa62c5
更新日期:2017-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::A micro beam synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (muSRXRF) technique has been used to determine the localization of metals in primary invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Nine samples were examined, all of which were formalin fixed tissues arranged as micro arrays of 1.0 mm diameter and 10 microm thickness. Cu was the part...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/11/018
更新日期:2008-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound shock wave therapy is increasingly used for non-invasive surgery. It requires the focusing of very high pressure amplitude in precisely controlled focal spots. In transcostal therapy of the heart or the liver, the high impedance mismatch between the bones and surrounding tissues gives rise to strong aberrat...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aad9b5
更新日期:2018-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::A photon diffusion model has been developed to calculate the steady-state spatially resolved fluorescence from pencil beam excitation in layered tissue. The model allows the calculation of both the excitation reflectance and the fluorescence escape for an arbitrary continuous depth distribution of tissue optical prope...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/2/307
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient motion is an important factor affecting the quality of external beam radiotherapy in breast patients. We analyse the motion of a dense set of surface points on breast patients throughout their treatment schedule to assess the magnitude and stability of motion, in particular, with respect to breast volume. We u...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/21/005
更新日期:2009-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::As a new method, x-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) has extremely high sensitivity for weakly absorbing low-Z samples in medical and biological fields. Conventional performance parameters, such as spatial resolution and low-contrast resolution, are not enough to describe the characteristics of a DEI system. This...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/12/002
更新日期:2006-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::A classical trajectory model has been used to predict total cross sections of single and double ionizing processes (including capture processes) for several ion-biological molecule collisional systems in the intermediate and high energy range. In this work, the systems studied are water, adenine or cytosine targets io...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/4/N03
更新日期:2008-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::The degradation of low energy electrons in a methane based, tissue equivalent gas was studied experimentally by ionization chamber experiments and theoretically by Monte Carlo electron transport simulation in the energy range between 25 eV and 5 keV. From measured ionization yields and calculated ionization and energy...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/37/5/008
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The energy dependence of alanine/EPR dosimetry, in terms of absorbed dose-to-water for clinical 6, 10, 25 MV x-rays and 60Co gamma-rays was investigated by measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. The dose rates were traceable to the NRC primary standard for absorbed dose, a sealed water calorimetry. The electr...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/2/006
更新日期:2004-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbed dose values were determined under the reference conditions in a phantom irradiated by high-energy photon beams with quality varying between 60Co gamma rays and 25 MV X-rays, using four commonly employed types of ionisation chamber. The ionisation chamber readings were converted to absorbed dose values applyin...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/31/4/006
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preclinical positron emission tomography, combined with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), is increasingly used as a tool to simultaneously characterize functional processes in vivo. Many emerging preclinical applications, however, are limited by PET detection sensitivity, especially when generating short imaging f...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaef59
更新日期:2018-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::As the use of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) fields has increased along with increased use of wireless communication, the possible related health risks have also been widely discussed. One safety aspect is the interaction of medical implants and RF devices like mobile phones. In the literature, effects on ac...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/5/001
更新日期:2007-03-07 00:00:00